Lappin Michael R
The Kenneth W. Smith Professor in Small Animal Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, 300 West Drake Road, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA.
Vet Parasitol. 2018 Apr 30;254:26-29. doi: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2018.02.022. Epub 2018 Mar 5.
There are multiple vector-borne diseases in cats, the most prominent being those transmitted by mosquitos, sand flies, fleas, and ticks. Many of the agents vectored by fleas or ticks have been grown or amplified from blood or have induced antibodies in the serum of normal cats or those with clinical signs like fever and will be the focus of this manuscript. As high as 80% of fleas collected from cats contain at least one organism that could induce illness in cats or people. Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Bartonella spp., Borrelia spp., Ehrlichia spp., hemoplasmas, and Rickettsia spp. infect cats and can be associated with clinical illness. Anaplasma phagocytophilum and B. burgdorferi are transmitted by Ixodes spp., Ehrlichia spp. and A. platys are transmitted by Rhipicephalus sanguineus. Fleas vector Bartonella spp., hemoplasmas, and R. felis. Recently, R. typhus was detected in cats in Spain. Lethargy and fever are common findings in cats with flea and tick borne diseases. Hemoplasmas are associated with hemolytic anemia. Moderate thrombocytopenia is associated with the tick-vectored agents. Polymerase chain reaction assays performed on blood collected in the acute phase of infection can be used to prove presence of the organisms. Doxycycline at 5 mg/kg, PO, twice daily or 10 mg/kg, PO, daily can be effective for resolving the clinical signs. If doxycycline is ineffective or not tolerated, fluoroquinolones can be effective for treatment of clinical illness associated with Bartonella spp., hemoplasmas, and Rickettsia spp. Use of flea and tick control products is effective for blocking transmission of many of the agents.
猫身上有多种媒介传播疾病，其中最常见的是由蚊子、白蛉、跳蚤和蜱传播的疾病。许多由跳蚤或蜱传播的病原体已从血液中培养或扩增出来，或者在正常猫或有发热等临床症状的猫的血清中诱导产生了抗体，这些将是本文的重点。从猫身上收集的跳蚤中，高达80%至少携带一种可使猫或人致病的生物体。嗜吞噬细胞无形体、巴尔通体属、疏螺旋体属、埃立克体属、血巴尔通体属和立克次体属可感染猫，并可能与临床疾病有关。嗜吞噬细胞无形体和伯氏疏螺旋体由硬蜱属传播，埃立克体属和血小板埃立克体由血红扇头蜱传播。跳蚤传播巴尔通体属、血巴尔通体属和猫立克次体。最近，在西班牙的猫身上检测到了斑疹伤寒立克次体。嗜睡和发热是患有跳蚤和蜱传播疾病的猫的常见症状。血巴尔通体属与溶血性贫血有关。中度血小板减少与蜱传播的病原体有关。在感染急性期采集的血液上进行聚合酶链反应检测可用于证明生物体的存在。强力霉素按5mg/kg口服，每日两次或10mg/kg口服，每日一次，可有效缓解临床症状。如果强力霉素无效或无法耐受，氟喹诺酮类药物可有效治疗与巴尔通体属、血巴尔通体属和立克次体属相关的临床疾病。使用跳蚤和蜱控制产品可有效阻断许多病原体的传播。
