Julius Centre University of Malaya, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya.
J Epidemiol. 2018 Jun 5;28(6):279-286. doi: 10.2188/jea.JE20170001. Epub 2018 Apr 14.
Economic development is known to shift the distribution of obesity from the socioeconomically more advantaged to the less advantaged. We assessed the socioeconomic trends in overweight, obesity, and abdominal obesity across a period of significant economic growth.
We used the Malaysian National Health and Morbidity Survey data sets for the years 1996, 2006, and 2011 to analyze the trends among adults aged 30 years and above. The World Health Organization's Asian body mass index cut-off points of ≥23.0 kg/m and ≥27.5 kg/m were used to define overweight and obesity, respectively. Abdominal obesity was defined as having a waist circumference of ≥90 cm for men and ≥80 cm for women. Household per-capita income was used as a measure of socioeconomic position. As a summary measure of inequality, we computed the concentration index.
Women in Peninsular Malaysia demonstrated patterns that were similar to that of developed countries in which the distributions for overweight, obesity, and abdominal obesity became concentrated among the poor. For women in East Malaysia, distributions became neither concentrated among the rich nor poor, while distributions for men were still concentrated among the rich. Chinese women, particularly from the richest quintile, had the lowest rates and lowest increase in overweight and obesity. All distributions of Chinese women were concentrated among the poor. The distributions of Malay men were still concentrated among the rich, while distributions for Chinese and Indian men and Malay and Indian women were neither concentrated among the rich nor poor.
As the country continues to progress, increasing risks of overweight and obesity among the socioeconomically less advantaged is expected.
经济发展会导致肥胖从社会经济地位较高的人群向较低的人群转移。我们评估了在经济显著增长期间超重、肥胖和腹型肥胖的社会经济趋势。
我们使用马来西亚国家健康和发病率调查 1996 年、2006 年和 2011 年的数据组，分析了 30 岁及以上成年人的趋势。世界卫生组织的亚洲体重指数切点≥23.0kg/m 和≥27.5kg/m 分别用于定义超重和肥胖。腹型肥胖定义为男性腰围≥90cm，女性腰围≥80cm。家庭人均收入用于衡量社会经济地位。我们计算了集中指数作为不平等的综合衡量指标。
马来半岛的女性表现出与发达国家相似的模式，即超重、肥胖和腹型肥胖的分布集中在贫困人群中。对于东马来西亚的女性，分布既没有集中在富人群体中，也没有集中在贫困人群中，而男性的分布仍集中在富人群体中。中国女性，尤其是最富裕的五分之一，超重和肥胖的比例最低，增幅也最低。所有中国女性的分布都集中在贫困人群中。马来男性的分布仍集中在富人群体中，而中国、印度男性和马来、印度女性的分布既没有集中在富人群体中，也没有集中在贫困人群中。
随着国家的持续发展，社会经济地位较低的人群超重和肥胖的风险预计将会增加。
