Kumar Vikash, Gupta Jancy
Division of Dairy Extension, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India.
Vet World. 2018 Mar;11(3):274-280. doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2018.274-280. Epub 2018 Mar 4.
The aim of the study was to assess the antibiotic use in dairy animals and to trace its usage pattern among the small, medium, and large dairy farmers in Eastern Haryana region of India.
Karnal and Kurukshetra districts from Eastern region of Haryana state were purposively selected, and four villages from each district were selected randomly. From each village, 21 farmers were selected using stratified random sampling by categorizing into small, medium, and large farmers constituting a total of 168 farmers as respondents. An antibiotic usage index (AUI) was developed to assess usage of antibiotics by dairy farmers.
Frequency of veterinary consultancy was high among large dairy farmers, and they mostly preferred veterinarians over para-veterinarians for treatment of dairy animals. Small farmers demanded low-cost antibiotics from veterinarians whereas large farmers rarely went for it. Antibiotics were used maximum for therapeutic purposes by all categories of farmers. Completion of treatment schedules and follow-up were strictly practiced by the majority of large farmers. AUI revealed that large farmers were more consistent on decision-making about prudent use of antibiotics. Routine use of antibiotics after parturition to prevent disease and sale of milk without adhering to withdrawal period was responsible for aggravating the antibiotic resistance. The extent of antibiotic use by small farmers depended on the severity of disease. The large farmers opted for the prophylactic use of antibiotics at the herd level.
Antibiotic usage practices were judicious among large dairy farmers, moderately prudent by medium dairy farmers and faulty by small farmers. The frequency of veterinary consultancy promoted better veterinary-client relationship among large farmers.
本研究旨在评估奶牛场动物抗生素的使用情况，并追踪印度哈里亚纳邦东部地区小、中、大型奶牛养殖户的抗生素使用模式。
有目的地选择哈里亚纳邦东部地区的卡纳尔和库鲁克舍特拉两个区，并从每个区随机选取4个村庄。从每个村庄中，通过分层随机抽样选出21名养殖户，分为小、中、大型养殖户，共168名养殖户作为受访者。制定了抗生素使用指数（AUI）来评估奶牛养殖户抗生素的使用情况。
大型奶牛养殖户寻求兽医咨询的频率较高，在治疗奶牛场动物时，他们大多更倾向于兽医而非准兽医。小养殖户向兽医索要低成本抗生素，而大型养殖户很少这样做。各类养殖户使用抗生素主要用于治疗目的。大多数大型养殖户严格执行治疗方案和后续跟进。抗生素使用指数显示，大型养殖户在合理使用抗生素的决策上更为一致。产后常规使用抗生素预防疾病以及在未遵守停药期的情况下销售牛奶加剧了抗生素耐药性。小养殖户抗生素的使用程度取决于疾病的严重程度。大型养殖户选择在畜群层面预防性使用抗生素。
大型奶牛养殖户抗生素使用行为明智，中型奶牛养殖户较为谨慎，小型奶牛养殖户存在不当之处。兽医咨询频率促进了大型养殖户之间更好的兽医-客户关系。
