Termine N, Hrynick T, Kestenbaum R, Gleitman H, Spelke E S
University of Pennsylvania.
J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform. 1987 Nov;13(4):524-32. doi: 10.1037//0096-1523.13.4.524.
Two experiments provide evidence that 4-month-old infants perceive background surfaces as continuous behind occluding objects. Infants were shown a partly hidden background surface either for a brief period of familiarization (Experiment 1) or until they met a criterion of habituation (Experiment 2). The infants were then tested with nonoccluded surfaces that were either continuous or interrupted by a gap where the occluder had been. The infants in each study looked longer at the interrupted than at the continuous surface, relative to infants in baseline controls, which suggests that the partly hidden surface was perceived as continuous. Contrasting findings were obtained in a third experiment, in which infants were habituated to a partly hidden surface that stood in front of a background so that its edges were visible: Infants gave no evidence of perceiving the foreground surface as continuous behind the occluder. These experiments provide evidence that infants perceive a surface as continuous only if it serves as the background of a scene. The results are discussed in relation to figure-ground perception in pictures and surface layouts.
两项实验提供了证据，证明4个月大的婴儿将遮挡物体后面的背景表面视为连续的。在实验1中，向婴儿展示部分隐藏的背景表面一段短暂的熟悉期；在实验2中，直到他们达到习惯化标准。然后，用非遮挡表面对婴儿进行测试，这些表面要么是连续的，要么在遮挡物所在的位置有一个间隙而中断。相对于基线对照组的婴儿，每项研究中的婴儿对中断的表面比对连续的表面注视时间更长，这表明部分隐藏的表面被视为连续的。在第三个实验中获得了相反的结果，在该实验中，婴儿习惯了位于背景前且边缘可见的部分隐藏表面：没有证据表明婴儿将遮挡物后面的前景表面视为连续的。这些实验提供了证据，表明婴儿只有在表面作为场景的背景时才会将其视为连续的。将结合图片和表面布局中的图形-背景感知来讨论这些结果。
