Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Karnataka, Surathkal, Mangalore, 575025, India.
Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Karnataka, Surathkal, Mangalore, 575025, India.
J Environ Manage. 2018 Jul 1;217:815-824. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.04.040. Epub 2018 Apr 24.
Particulate matter (PM and PM) samples were collected from six sites in urban Mangalore and the mass concentrations for PM and PM were measured using gravimetric technique. The measurements were found to exceed the national ambient air quality standards (NAAQS) limits, with the highest concentration of 231.5 μg/m for PM particles at Town hall and 120.3 μg/m for PM particles at KMC Attavar. The elemental analysis using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrophotometer (ICPOES) revealed twelve different elements (As, Ba, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Sr and Zn) for PM particles and nine different elements (Ba, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sr and Zn) for PM particles. Similarly, ionic composition of these samples measured by ion chromatography (IC) divulged nine different ions (F, Cl, NO, PO, SO, Na, K, Mg and Ca) for PM particles and ten different ions (F, Cl, NO, PO, SO, Na, NH, K, Mg and Ca) for PM particles. The source apportionment study of PM and PM for urban Mangalore in accordance with these six sample sites using chemical mass balance model (CMBv8.2) revealed nine and twelve predominant contributors for both PM and PM, respectively. The highest contributor of PM was found to be paved road dust followed by diesel and gasoline vehicle emissions. Correspondingly, PM was found to be contributed mainly from two-wheeler vehicle emissions followed by four-wheeler and heavy vehicle emissions (diesel vehicles). The current study depicts that the PM and PM in ambient air of Mangalore region has 70% of its contribution from vehicular emissions (both exhaust and non-exhaust).
从城市芒格洛尔的六个地点采集了颗粒物（PM 和 PM）样品，并使用重量法测量了 PM 和 PM 的质量浓度。测量结果超过了国家环境空气质量标准（NAAQS）限值，其中市议会的 PM 颗粒浓度最高，为 231.5μg/m，KMC Attavar 的 PM 颗粒浓度最高，为 120.3μg/m。使用电感耦合等离子体光学发射光谱仪（ICPOES）进行的元素分析揭示了 PM 颗粒中的 12 种不同元素（As、Ba、Cd、Cr、Cu、Fe、Mg、Mn、Mo、Ni、Sr 和 Zn）和 PM 颗粒中的 9 种不同元素（Ba、Cd、Cr、Cu、Fe、Mn、Ni、Pb、Sr 和 Zn）。同样，通过离子色谱（IC）测量这些样品的离子组成揭示了 PM 颗粒中的 9 种不同离子（F、Cl、NO、PO、SO、Na、K、Mg 和 Ca）和 PM 颗粒中的 10 种不同离子（F、Cl、NO、PO、SO、Na、NH、K、Mg 和 Ca）。根据这六个采样点，使用化学质量平衡模型（CMBv8.2）对芒格洛尔市区的 PM 和 PM 进行了源分配研究，结果表明，PM 和 PM 分别有 9 种和 12 种主要贡献源。PM 的最大贡献源是铺砌道路尘埃，其次是柴油和汽油车辆排放。相应地，PM 主要来自两轮车排放，其次是四轮车和重型车辆（柴油车）排放。本研究表明，芒格洛尔地区环境空气中的 PM 和 PM 有 70%来自车辆排放（包括尾气和非尾气）。
