Institute for Social Drug Research, Department of Criminology, Penal Law and Social Law, Ghent University, Universiteitstraat 4, Ghent 9000, Belgium.
Int J Drug Policy. 2018 Jul;57:32-41. doi: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2018.03.027. Epub 2018 Apr 13.
Cannabis Social Clubs (CSCs) are associations of cannabis users that collectively organize the cultivation and distribution of cannabis. As this middle ground supply model has been active in Belgium for over a decade, this paper aims to examine CSCs' supply practices, noting any shifts from previously reported features of the model.
We draw on interviews with directors of seven currently active Belgian CSCs (n = 21) and their cannabis growers (n = 23). This data was complemented by additional fieldwork, as well as a review of CSCs' key internal documents.
Most Belgian CSCs are formally registered non-profit associations. One of the Belgian CSCs has developed a structure of sub-divisions and regional chapters. The Belgian CSCs supply cannabis to members only, and in some cases only medical users are admitted. CSCs rely on in-house growers, ensuring supply in a cooperative and closed-circuit way, despite changes to the distribution methods The associations are relatively small-scale and non-commercially driven. The introduction of formal quality control practices remains challenging.
As the CSC model is often included in discussions about cannabis policy, but remains in most cases driven by self-regulatory efforts, it is important to take stock of how CSCs' supply function has been implemented in practice - as doing so will improve our understanding of the model and of the wider range of cannabis 'supply architectures'. This paper highlights the continuity and changes in CSC practices, noting the emergence of several different variants of the CSC model, which are classified in a first CSC typology.
大麻社交俱乐部（CSC）是由大麻使用者组成的协会，共同组织大麻的种植和分配。由于这种中间地带的供应模式在比利时已经活跃了十多年，本文旨在研究 CSC 的供应实践，注意到该模式之前报道的特征发生的任何变化。
我们借鉴了对目前活跃在比利时的七个 CSC 主任（n=21）及其大麻种植者（n=23）的访谈。这些数据辅以其他实地工作，以及对 CSC 关键内部文件的审查。
大多数比利时 CSC 都是正式注册的非营利协会。比利时的一个 CSC 已经发展出一个分部和地区分会的结构。比利时 CSC 只向会员供应大麻，在某些情况下只允许医疗使用者入会。CSC 依靠内部种植者，以合作和闭路的方式确保供应，尽管分销方式发生了变化。这些协会规模相对较小，不受商业驱动。正式的质量控制实践的引入仍然具有挑战性。
由于 CSC 模式经常被纳入关于大麻政策的讨论，但在大多数情况下仍然由自我监管的努力所驱动，因此，了解 CSC 的供应功能在实践中是如何实施的非常重要——这样做将提高我们对该模式以及更广泛的大麻“供应架构”的理解。本文强调了 CSC 实践的连续性和变化，注意到 CSC 模式出现了几种不同的变体，并在第一个 CSC 类型学中对其进行了分类。
