External lecturer, Department of Institutional, Environmental and Experimental Economics, University of Economics in Prague, Nam. W. Churchilla, Prague 3, 130 00, Czech Republic; Senior Project Officer, Uniting Medically Supervised Injecting Centre, 66 Darlinghurst Road, Potts Point, NSW 2011, Australia.
Drugs Team Leader, SHORE & Whariki Research Centre, College of Health, Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand.
Int J Drug Policy. 2018 Apr;54:26-34. doi: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2017.12.018. Epub 2018 Feb 8.
There is growing experience with the not-for-profit, consumer-driven cannabis social club (CSC) model that builds on self-supply, self-organization and harm-reduction; these are principles upon which people who use drugs (PWUD) have been engaging for decades. Recent legalization of cannabis in a number of jurisdictions and the related challenges in regulating production, sale, taxation and health-related matters have raised interest in non-commercial models of cannabis supply. The "codes of conduct" (CsoC) of CSC federations in Spain might reveal whether a consumer-based model could overcome these challenges.
To examine the content of the CSC auto-regulatory documents, an online search using key terms to identify the CsoC was conducted. Six documents were found; analysis of the main thematic categories and overarching themes was conducted. It was discussed how these corresponded to the areas of cannabis policy regulation and what the main limitations of the CSC model were.
The CsoC detailed the rules for CSC administration, not-for-profit aims, "invitation only" and other conditions of membership, collective cultivation and security as well as for operation of the consumption venue and health-related initiatives. The themes in the CsoC overlapped with cannabis regulatory areas as outlined internationally. Concern over cannabis prices and potency was missing in the CsoC. The potential strengths of the CSC model might include safe environment for peer-delivered harm reduction practice, preventing illicit transactions, quality control, shifting economic surplus to the consumers and increased consumer responsibility. The limitations of the CSC model include high threshold, disguised motives, tax revenue and the risk of both under- and over-regulation.
CSCs represent an opportunity to enhance consumer agency and responsibility. The right "to be self-supplied" with psychoactive substances can be granted to consumer associations - but authorities need to provide a framework to facilitate this voluntary self-organization, including minimum standards around public health and safety, and to involve consumers in the development of these regulations.
非营利性、消费者驱动的大麻社交俱乐部（CSC）模式正在不断发展，该模式建立在自我供应、自我组织和减少伤害的基础上；这些原则是使用毒品者（PWUD）几十年来一直在采用的原则。最近，一些司法管辖区实现了大麻合法化，以及在监管生产、销售、税收和与健康相关的事项方面面临的相关挑战，引起了人们对非商业性大麻供应模式的兴趣。西班牙 CSC 联合会的“行为准则”（CsoC）可能揭示消费者为基础的模式是否能够克服这些挑战。
为了检查 CSC 自我监管文件的内容，使用关键词进行了在线搜索以确定 CsoC。发现了六个文件；对主要主题类别和总体主题进行了分析。讨论了这些如何对应大麻政策监管的各个领域，以及 CSC 模式的主要限制是什么。
CsoC 详细规定了 CSC 管理、非营利目的、“仅限邀请”和其他会员条件、集体种植和安全以及消费场所运营和与健康相关的倡议的规则。CsoC 中的主题与国际上概述的大麻监管领域重叠。CsoC 中缺少对大麻价格和效力的关注。CSC 模式的潜在优势可能包括为同行提供减少伤害实践的安全环境、防止非法交易、质量控制、将经济剩余转移给消费者以及增加消费者责任。CSC 模式的局限性包括高门槛、伪装动机、税收以及监管不足和过度的风险。
CSC 代表着增强消费者代理和责任的机会。可以将“自我供应”精神活性物质的权利授予消费者协会-但当局需要提供一个框架来促进这种自愿的自我组织，包括围绕公共卫生和安全的最低标准，并让消费者参与这些法规的制定。
