Division of Aquaculture and Seafood Upgrading, Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere, I.P. (IPMA), Rua Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho, 6, 1495-006 Lisboa, Portugal; Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), Universidade do Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos S/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Laboratório Marítimo da Guia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Nossa Senhora do Cabo, 939, 2750-374 Cascais, Portugal.
ICRA, Catalan Institute for Water Research, Parc Científic i Tecnològic de la Universitat de Girona, C/ Emili Grahit, 101, 17003 Girona, Spain.
Sci Total Environ. 2018 Sep 1;634:1136-1147. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.04.015. Epub 2018 Apr 12.
Antidepressants, such as venlafaxine (VFX), which are considered emerging environmental pollutants, are increasingly more present in the marine environment, and recent evidence suggest that they might have adverse effects on fish behaviour. Furthermore, altered environmental conditions associated to climate change (e.g. warming and acidification) can also have a determinant role on fish behaviour, fitness and survival. Yet, the underlying interactions between these environmental stressors (pharmaceuticals exposure and climate change) are still far from being fully understood. The aim of this study was to assess behavioural responses (in juvenile meagre (Argyrosomus regius) exposed to VFX via water ([VFX] ~20μgL) and via dietary sources ([VFX] ~160μgkg dry weight), as well as to increased temperature (ΔT°C=+5°C) and high CO levels (ΔpCO ~1000μatm; equivalent to ΔpH=-0.4units). Overall, VFX bioaccumulation in fish plasma was enhanced under the combination of warming and acidification. VFX triggered fish exploration, whereas fish activity and shoal cohesion were reduced. Acidification alone decreased fish exploration and shoal cohesion, and reversed fish preference to turn leftwards compared to control conditions. Such alterations were further enhanced by VFX exposure. The combination of warming and acidification also reduced shoal cohesion and loss of lateralization, regardless of VFX exposure. The distinct behaviour observed when VFX contamination, acidification and warming acted alone or in combination highlighted the need to consider the likely interactive effects of seawater warming and acidification in future research regarding the toxicological aspects of chemical contaminants.
抗抑郁药，如文拉法辛（VFX），被认为是新兴的环境污染物，在海洋环境中越来越常见，最近的证据表明它们可能对鱼类行为产生不利影响。此外，与气候变化相关的环境条件改变（例如变暖、酸化）也可能对鱼类行为、适应性和生存产生决定性影响。然而，这些环境胁迫因素（药物暴露和气候变化）之间的潜在相互作用仍远未完全理解。本研究旨在评估行为反应（在幼年真鲷（Argyrosomus regius）中暴露于 VFX 通过水[VFX]20μg/L）和通过饮食来源[VFX]160μg/kg 干重），以及温度升高（ΔT°C=+5°C）和高 CO 水平（ΔpCO~1000μatm；相当于 ΔpH=-0.4 个单位）。总的来说，在变暖与酸化的联合作用下，VFX 在鱼类血浆中的生物累积增强。VFX 引发鱼类探索行为，而鱼类活动和鱼群凝聚力降低。单独酸化会降低鱼类的探索行为和鱼群的凝聚力，并使鱼类相对于对照条件更倾向于向左转。这种变化在 VFX 暴露下进一步增强。变暖与酸化的组合也降低了鱼群的凝聚力和侧化的丧失，而不管 VFX 的暴露情况如何。当 VFX 污染、酸化和变暖单独或联合作用时观察到的不同行为，突出表明需要考虑海水变暖与酸化的相互作用效应对化学污染物毒理学方面的未来研究的必要性。
