Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Internal Medicine, Danderyd Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
Umeå University, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Division of Medicine/Respiratory Medicine, Umeå, Sweden.
PLoS One. 2018 Apr 18;13(4):e0195493. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0195493. eCollection 2018.
The use of Swedish oral moist snuff, known as snus, has for a long time been limited to the Scandinavian countries. With declining cigarette sales in the western world, tobacco companies have looked to the development of alternative tobacco products. In 2006 snus products were launched in the US. Even though several studies have demonstrated negative health effects, snus is often depicted as harmless. The aim of the present study was to investigate acute vascular effects of snus as measured by arterial stiffness as well as blood pressure and heart rate.
Two separate randomized double-blind crossover studies with the same study design were pooled for analysis. Twenty-nine healthy snus-users (17 females, 12 males) were included. Snus (Göteborgs Rapé) and tobacco free snus (Onico) were administered in a randomized order at two separate visits. Arterial stiffness, blood pressure and heart rate were measured at baseline as well as every five minutes for 40 minutes during exposure. Following snus removal, measurements continued for 30 minutes post exposure. Arterial stiffness was measured using pulse wave velocity (Vicorder) and pulse wave analysis (Sphygmocor).
Compared to placebo, snus significantly increased systolic and diastolic blood pressure as well as heart rate, however, only in females (p = 0.004, p = 0.006 and p<0.001 respectively). No changes were seen in arterial stiffness measurements in either gender.
We observed an increase in blood pressure and heart rate only in females, but not in males due to snus usage as compared to placebo. This novel finding was surprising and needs to be further investigated considering most of the earlier studies have mainly focused on male snus users and the increasing usage of snus among females.
长期以来，瑞典口含鼻烟（俗称鼻烟）的使用仅限于斯堪的纳维亚国家。随着西方世界卷烟销量的下降，烟草公司一直在寻求开发替代烟草产品。2006 年，鼻烟产品在美国推出。尽管有几项研究表明了其对健康的负面影响，但鼻烟仍常被描绘为无害的。本研究旨在调查鼻烟对血管的急性影响，包括动脉僵硬度以及血压和心率。
将两项具有相同研究设计的独立随机双盲交叉研究合并进行分析。共纳入 29 名健康的鼻烟使用者（17 名女性，12 名男性）。以随机顺序在两次不同的访问中分别给予鼻烟（Göteborgs Rapé）和无烟草鼻烟（Onico）。在暴露期间，从基线开始，每 5 分钟测量一次，共 40 分钟，在去除鼻烟后，继续测量 30 分钟。使用脉搏波速度（Vicorder）和脉搏波分析（Sphygmocor）测量动脉僵硬度。
与安慰剂相比，鼻烟显著增加了收缩压和舒张压以及心率，但仅在女性中（p = 0.004、p = 0.006 和 p<0.001）。在两种性别中均未观察到动脉僵硬度测量的变化。
与安慰剂相比，我们观察到女性使用鼻烟后血压和心率增加，但男性没有。这一新发现令人惊讶，需要进一步研究，因为大多数早期研究主要集中在男性鼻烟使用者和女性鼻烟使用量的增加上。
