Department of Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park.
Center for Healthy Aging, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park.
J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci. 2019 Jan 1;74(1):126-135. doi: 10.1093/geronb/gby014.
This article models the chain of risk that links life course socioeconomic status (SES), daily stressor exposure and severity, and daily well-being.
Data from the main survey and the daily diary project of the Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) Refresher study were combined, resulting in 782 participants (55.6% female; age 25-74, Mage = 47.9) who reported on 5,849 days of information on daily stressors and daily well-being. Data were measured at both person and day levels. Between-person predictor variables include childhood SES, education, and adult SES. Within-person daily variables assessed exposure to daily stressors, severity of daily stressors, positive affect, negative affect, and daily physical symptoms. We contrasted hypothesized models, the chain of risk trigger effect model versus the additive model within a multilevel structural equation modeling framework.
The influences of life course SES and daily stressor exposure and severity on daily well-being were better described by the chain of risk additive model than the chain of risk trigger effect model. Childhood SES was directly and indirectly (through education, adult SES, and daily stressor exposure and severity) associated with daily well-being (in between-person level), especially daily physical symptoms and daily negative affect.
Childhood may be a sensitive period that has salient implications for day-to-day well-being later in life.
本文构建了一个风险链模型，将生命历程中的社会经济地位（SES）、日常压力源暴露和严重程度，以及日常幸福感联系起来。
将美国中年生活研究（MIDUS）刷新研究的主调查和日常日记项目的数据进行了合并，共纳入 782 名参与者（55.6%为女性；年龄 25-74 岁，Mage=47.9），他们报告了 5849 天的日常压力源和日常幸福感信息。数据分别在个体和日两个层面进行测量。个体间的预测变量包括童年 SES、教育和成人 SES。个体内的每日变量评估了日常压力源的暴露程度、日常压力源的严重程度、积极情绪、消极情绪和日常身体症状。我们在多层次结构方程模型框架内，对假设模型（风险链触发效应模型与加性模型）进行了对比。
与风险链触发效应模型相比，生命历程 SES 以及日常压力源暴露和严重程度对日常幸福感的影响，通过加性模型可以得到更好的描述。童年 SES 通过教育、成人 SES 以及日常压力源的暴露和严重程度直接或间接（通过教育、成人 SES 以及日常压力源的暴露和严重程度）与日常幸福感（个体间水平）相关，尤其是与日常身体症状和日常消极情绪相关。
童年时期可能是一个敏感时期，对以后的日常生活幸福感有着重要的影响。
