Avidan Alexander, Weissman Charles, Elchalal Uriel, Tandeter Howard, Zisk-Rony Rachel Yaffa
Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Hadassah - Hebrew University Medical Center, Kiryat Hadassah, POB 12000, 91120, Jerusalem, Israel.
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Hebrew University - Hadassah School of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel.
Isr J Health Policy Res. 2018 Apr 18;7(1):20. doi: 10.1186/s13584-018-0215-2.
Israeli medical school classes include a number of student subgroups. Therefore, interventions aimed at recruiting medical students to the various specialties should to be tailored to each subgroup.
Questionnaires, distributed to 6 consecutive 5th-year classes of the Hebrew University - Hadassah School of Medicine, elicited information on criteria for choosing a career specialty, criteria for choosing a residency program and the importance of finding a specialty interesting and challenging when choosing a residency.
Completed questionnaires were returned by 540 of 769 (70%) students. The decision processes for choosing a medical specialty and choosing a residency program were different. Family and colleagues had minimal influence on choosing a specialty, while family and their residential locality had much influence on choosing a residency, especially among women. Older age, marriage, and spousal influence were positively associated with choice of a specialty. Two-thirds of the students had completed military service, 20% were attending medical school prior to military service, 5% had completed national service and 9% had entered medical school without serving. Despite the pre-military subgroup being younger and having another 7 years of medical school, internship and military service before residency, they had begun thinking about which specialty to choose, just like the post-military students. When choosing a residency program, post-military women were more influenced by their families and family residential locality than their pre-military counterparts; differences ascribed to the older and often married post-military women having or wanting to begin families. This difference was reinforced by fewer post- than pre-military women willing to wait 2-3 years for a residency in the specialty that interested them most and were willing to begin residency immediately after internship in a specialty that interested them less.
Medical school classes are composed of various subgroups, each with its own characteristics. It is important to differentiate between choosing a specialty and a residency program. Choosing a specialty is a uniquely personal decision with some spousal influence among married students. It is of central importance even among pre-military students not slated to begin residency for many years. In contrast, choosing a residency program is influenced by family, where one grew up and other family-related considerations.
以色列医学院班级包含多个学生亚组。因此，旨在招募医学生从事不同专业的干预措施应针对每个亚组进行调整。
向希伯来大学-哈达萨医学院连续6届的五年级班级发放问卷，收集有关选择职业专业的标准、选择住院医师培训项目的标准以及在选择住院医师培训时找到有趣且具有挑战性的专业的重要性等信息。
769名学生中有540名（70%）返回了完整问卷。选择医学专业和选择住院医师培训项目的决策过程不同。家庭和同事对选择专业的影响最小，而家庭及其居住地区对选择住院医师培训项目影响很大，尤其是对女性而言。年龄较大、已婚以及配偶的影响与选择专业呈正相关。三分之二的学生已服完兵役，20%在服兵役前就读医学院，5%已完成国民服务，9%未服役就进入医学院。尽管服兵役前的亚组年龄较小，在住院医师培训前还有7年的医学院学习、实习和兵役经历，但他们和服完兵役的学生一样，已经开始思考选择哪个专业。在选择住院医师培训项目时，服完兵役的女性比服兵役前的女性更容易受到家庭和家庭居住地区的影响；这种差异归因于年龄较大且通常已婚的服完兵役的女性已经有或想要组建家庭。服完兵役的女性中愿意为最感兴趣的专业住院医师培训等待2至3年的人数比服兵役前的女性少，并且愿意在完成对兴趣较小的专业实习后立即开始住院医师培训，这进一步强化了这种差异。
医学院班级由不同的亚组组成，每个亚组都有其自身特点。区分选择专业和住院医师培训项目很重要。选择专业是一个独特的个人决定，已婚学生中会受到一些配偶的影响。即使在多年内不会开始住院医师培训的服兵役前的学生中，这一点也至关重要。相比之下，选择住院医师培训项目会受到家庭、成长地点以及其他与家庭相关因素的影响。
