Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC, São Bernardo do Campo, São Paulo, Brazil, São Paulo, Brazil.
PLoS One. 2018 Apr 19;13(4):e0196066. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0196066. eCollection 2018.
Ecological communities are complex entities that can be maintained and structured by niche-based processes such as environmental conditions, and spatial processes such as dispersal. Thus, diversity patterns may be shaped simultaneously at different spatial scales by very distinct processes. Herein we assess whether and how functional, taxonomic, and phylogenetic beta diversities of frog tadpoles are explained by environmental and/or spatial predictors. We implemented a distance-based redundancy analysis to explore variation in components of beta diversity explained by pure environmental and pure spatial predictors, as well as their interactions, at both fine and broad spatial scales. Our results indicated important but complex roles of spatial and environmental predictors in structuring phylogenetic, taxonomic and functional beta diversities. The pure fine-scales spatial fraction was more important in structuring all beta diversity components, especially to functional and taxonomical spatial turnover. Environmental variables such as canopy cover and vegetation structure were important predictors of all components, but especially to functional and taxonomic beta diversity. We emphasize that distinct factors related to environment and space are affecting distinct components of beta diversity in different ways. Although weaker, phylogenetic beta diversity, which is structured more on biogeographical scales, and thus can be represented by spatially structured processes, was more related to broad spatial processes than other components. However, selected fine-scale spatial predictors denoted negative autocorrelation, which may be revealing the existence of differences in unmeasured habitat variables among samples. Although overall important, local environmental-based processes explained better functional and taxonomic beta diversity, as these diversity components carry an important ecological value. We highlight the importance of assessing different components of diversity patterns at different scales by spatially explicit models in order to improve our understanding of community structure and help to unravel the complex nature of biodiversity.
生态群落是复杂的实体，可以通过基于生态位的过程（如环境条件）和空间过程（如扩散）来维持和构建。因此，多样性模式可能同时在不同的空间尺度上由非常不同的过程塑造。在这里，我们评估了青蛙蝌蚪的功能、分类和系统发育多样性是否以及如何受到环境和/或空间预测因子的解释。我们实施了基于距离的冗余分析，以探索在精细和广泛的空间尺度上，由纯环境和纯空间预测因子及其相互作用解释的β多样性组成部分的变化。我们的结果表明，空间和环境预测因子在构建系统发育、分类和功能β多样性方面起着重要但复杂的作用。纯精细空间部分在构建所有β多样性组成部分方面更为重要，尤其是对功能和分类空间周转率。冠层覆盖和植被结构等环境变量是所有组成部分的重要预测因子，但对功能和分类多样性的影响尤其大。我们强调，与环境和空间相关的不同因素以不同的方式影响着不同的β多样性组成部分。尽管较弱，但系统发育β多样性受到更多的影响，因为它更多地受到生物地理尺度的影响，因此可以由空间结构过程来表示，与其他组成部分相比，它与广泛的空间过程更相关。然而，选择的精细空间预测因子表示负自相关，这可能揭示了样本之间未测量的栖息地变量存在差异。尽管整体上很重要，但基于局部环境的过程更好地解释了功能和分类多样性，因为这些多样性组成部分具有重要的生态价值。我们强调了通过空间显式模型在不同尺度上评估多样性模式的不同组成部分的重要性，以便提高我们对群落结构的理解，并帮助揭示生物多样性的复杂性质。
