Laboratory of Natural Products, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
Talanta. 2018 Jul 1;184:277-286. doi: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.02.084. Epub 2018 Feb 23.
Persimmon (Diospyros kaki L.) is one of the most important fruits that has been consumed for its medicinal properties due to the presence of some active metabolites, particularly polyphenols and carotenoids. Previously described methods, including HPLC, were limited in the determination of metabolites in different persimmon varieties. The present study shows the evaluation and the differences among persimmon polar and non-polar extracts by H NMR-based metabolomics approach. The hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA) based on score values of principal component analysis (PCA) model was used to analyze the important compounds in investigated fruits. The H NMR spectrum of persimmon chloroform (CDCl) extracts showed different types of compounds as compared to polar methanol-water (CDOD-DO) ones. Persimmons growing in Israel were clustered different from those growing in Korea with the abundance of phenolic compounds (gallic, caffeic and protocathecuic acids), carotenoids (β-cryptoxanthin, lutein, and zeaxanthin), amino acids (alanine), maltose, uridine, and fatty acids (myristic and palmitoleic acids). Glucose, choline and formic acid were more prominent in persimmon growing in Korea. In CDOD-DO and CDCl persimmon extracts, 43 metabolites were identified. The metabolic differences were shown as well on the results of bioactivities and antioxidant capacities determined by ABTS, FRAP, CUPRAC and DPPH assays. The presented methods can be widely used for quantitation of multiple compounds in many plant and biological samples especially in vegetables and fruits.
柿子（Diospyros kaki L.）是一种重要的水果，由于其存在一些活性代谢物，特别是多酚和类胡萝卜素，因此具有药用价值。以前描述的方法，包括 HPLC，在测定不同柿子品种中的代谢物方面受到限制。本研究通过基于 NMR 的代谢组学方法展示了对柿子极性和非极性提取物的评价和差异。基于主成分分析（PCA）模型得分值的层次聚类分析（HCA）用于分析研究水果中的重要化合物。与极性甲醇-水（CDOD-DO）相比，柿子氯仿（CDCl）提取物的 NMR 光谱显示出不同类型的化合物。在以色列生长的柿子与在韩国生长的柿子聚类不同，其酚类化合物（没食子酸、咖啡酸和原儿茶酸）、类胡萝卜素（β-隐黄质、叶黄素和玉米黄质）、氨基酸（丙氨酸）、麦芽糖、尿苷和脂肪酸（肉豆蔻酸和棕榈油酸）的丰度较高。在韩国生长的柿子中，葡萄糖、胆碱和甲酸更为突出。在 CDOD-DO 和 CDCl 柿子提取物中，鉴定出 43 种代谢物。通过 ABTS、FRAP、CUPRAC 和 DPPH 测定法确定的生物活性和抗氧化能力的结果也显示出代谢差异。所提出的方法可广泛用于定量分析许多植物和生物样品中的多种化合物，特别是蔬菜和水果。
