Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo (USP), Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 748 - Butantã, São Paulo, CEP: 05508-000, SP, Brazil.
Biomed Pharmacother. 2018 Jul;103:463-472. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.04.036. Epub 2018 Apr 24.
Muscle stem cells or satellite cells are crucial for muscle maintenance and repair. These cells are mitotically quiescent and uniformly express the transcription factor Pax7, intermittently entering the cell cycle to give rise to daughter myogenic precursors cells and fuse with neighboring myofibers or self-renew, replenishing the stem cell pool in adult skeletal muscle. Pivotal roles of muscle stem cells in muscle repair have been uncovered, but it still remains unclear how muscle stem cell self-renewal is molecularly regulated and how muscle stem cells maintain muscle tissue homeostasis. Defects in muscle stem cell regulation to maintain/return to quiescence and self-renew are observed in degenerative conditions such as aging and neuromuscular disease. Recent works has suggested the existence of metabolic regulation and mitochondrial alterations in muscle stem cells, influencing the self-renewal commitment and function. Here I present a brief overview of recent understanding of how metabolic reprogramming governs self-renewal commitment, which is essential for conservation of muscle satellite cell pools throughout life, as well as the implications for regenerative medicine.
肌肉干细胞或卫星细胞对于肌肉的维持和修复至关重要。这些细胞处于有丝分裂静止状态，均匀表达转录因子 Pax7，间歇性地进入细胞周期，产生女儿肌源性前体细胞并与邻近的肌纤维融合或自我更新，从而补充成年骨骼肌中的干细胞池。肌肉干细胞在肌肉修复中的关键作用已经被揭示，但仍不清楚肌肉干细胞自我更新是如何受到分子调控的，以及肌肉干细胞如何维持肌肉组织的内稳态。在衰老和神经肌肉疾病等退行性疾病中，观察到肌肉干细胞调节的缺陷，导致其无法维持/恢复静止和自我更新。最近的研究表明，代谢调节和线粒体改变存在于肌肉干细胞中，影响其自我更新的决定和功能。在这里，我简要概述了最近对代谢重编程如何控制自我更新决定的理解，这对于维持整个生命周期的肌肉卫星细胞池至关重要，也为再生医学提供了启示。
