Usman Muhammed A, Gerber Nicolas, Pangaribowo Evita H
Center for Development Research (ZEF), University of Bonn, Genscherallee 3, Bonn 53113, Germany E-mail:
Department of Environmental Geography, University of Gadjah Mada (UGM), Bulaksumur, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia.
J Water Health. 2018 Apr;16(2):275-288. doi: 10.2166/wh.2017.069.
This study aims at assessing the determinants of microbiological contamination of household drinking water under multiple-use water systems in rural areas of Ethiopia. For this analysis, a random sample of 454 households was surveyed between February and March 2014, and water samples from community sources and household storage containers were collected and tested for fecal contamination. The number of Escherichia coli (E. coli) colony-forming units per 100 mL water was used as an indicator of fecal contamination. The microbiological tests demonstrated that 58% of household stored water samples and 38% of protected community water sources were contaminated with E. coli. Moreover, most improved water sources often considered to provide safe water showed the presence of E. coli. The result shows that households' stored water collected from unprotected wells/springs had higher levels of E. coli than stored water from alternative sources. Distance to water sources and water collection containers are also strongly associated with stored water quality. To ensure the quality of stored water, the study suggests that there is a need to promote water safety from the point-of-source to point-of-use, with due considerations for the linkages between water and agriculture to advance the Sustainable Development Goal 6 of ensuring access to clean water for everyone.
本研究旨在评估埃塞俄比亚农村地区多用途供水系统下家庭饮用水微生物污染的决定因素。为此分析，在2014年2月至3月期间对454户家庭进行了随机抽样调查，并收集了社区水源和家庭储水容器的水样，检测粪便污染情况。每100毫升水中大肠杆菌（E. coli）菌落形成单位的数量被用作粪便污染的指标。微生物检测表明，58%的家庭储水样本和38%的受保护社区水源被大肠杆菌污染。此外，大多数通常被认为能提供安全水的改良水源也检测出了大肠杆菌。结果表明，从未受保护的水井/泉水中收集的家庭储水大肠杆菌含量高于从其他水源收集的储水。到水源的距离和取水容器也与储水质量密切相关。为确保储水质量，该研究表明，有必要从水源到使用点促进水安全，并适当考虑水与农业之间的联系，以推进确保人人都能获得清洁水的可持续发展目标6。
