Assari Shervin, Preiser Brianna, Lankarani Maryam Moghani, Caldwell Cleopatra H
Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
Center for Research on Ethnicity, Culture and Health, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
Brain Sci. 2018 Apr 20;8(4):71. doi: 10.3390/brainsci8040071.
Most of the literature on the association between socioeconomic status (SES) and health is focused on the protective effects of SES. However, a growing literature suggests that high SES may also operate as a vulnerability factor. Using a national sample of African American youth, this study compared the effects of perceived discrimination on major depressive disorder (MDD) based on SES. The current cross-sectional study included 810 African American youth who participated in the National Survey of American Life-Adolescent supplement. The independent variable was perceived discrimination. Lifetime, 12-month, and 30-day MDD were the dependent variables. Age and gender were covariates. Three SES indicators (subjective SES, income, and poverty index) were moderators. We used logistic regressions for data analysis. Perceived discrimination was associated with higher risk of lifetime, 12-month, and 30-day MDD. Interactions were found between subjective SES and perceived discrimination on lifetime, 12-month, and 30-day MDD, suggesting a stronger effect of perceived discrimination in youth with high subjective SES. Objective measures of SES (income and poverty index) did not interact with perceived discrimination on MDD. While perceived discrimination is a universally harmful risk factor for MDD, its effect may depend on the SES of the individual. Findings suggest that high subjective SES may operate as a vulnerability factor for African American youth.
大多数关于社会经济地位（SES）与健康之间关联的文献都聚焦于SES的保护作用。然而，越来越多的文献表明，高SES也可能作为一个脆弱性因素起作用。本研究使用非裔美国青年的全国样本，比较了基于SES的感知歧视对重度抑郁症（MDD）的影响。当前的横断面研究纳入了810名参与美国生活青少年补充全国调查的非裔美国青年。自变量是感知歧视。终生、12个月和30天的MDD是因变量。年龄和性别是协变量。三个SES指标（主观SES、收入和贫困指数）是调节变量。我们使用逻辑回归进行数据分析。感知歧视与终生、12个月和30天MDD的较高风险相关。在主观SES与终生、12个月和30天MDD的感知歧视之间发现了交互作用，表明在主观SES较高的青年中，感知歧视的影响更强。SES的客观指标（收入和贫困指数）与MDD的感知歧视没有交互作用。虽然感知歧视是MDD普遍有害的风险因素，但其影响可能取决于个体的SES。研究结果表明，高主观SES可能是非裔美国青年中的一个脆弱性因素。
