Department of Personality, Assessment and Therapeutic Interventions, Universidad Católica de Valencia "San Vicente Mártir", Valencia, Spain.
Department of Personality, Assessment and Therapeutic Interventions, Universidad Católica de Valencia "San Vicente Mártir", Valencia, Spain.
Compr Psychiatry. 2018 Jul;84:32-38. doi: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2018.04.003. Epub 2018 Apr 12.
More than one third of patients with eating disorders report NSSI. Moreover, negative attitudes and feelings toward the body, body dissatisfaction, and body image disturbances have been linked to NSSI in community and clinical samples. However, there is a lack of studies exploring NSSI frequency and functions and the specific relationship between multidimensional body image dimensions and NSSI in eating disorder patients.
First, we explored the frequency, types, and functions of NSSI in a sample of 226 Spanish female participants with eating disorders (ED). Second, we explored differences in NSSI and body image depending on the ED restrictive-purgative subtype; and third, we explored differences in body dissatisfaction, body image orientation, and body investment in eating disorder patients without NSSI (n = 144), with NSSI in their lifetime (n = 19), and (b) with NSSI in the previous year (n = 63).
Of the overall sample, 37.1% (n = 89) had a history of self-injury during their lifetime, and 27.1% (n = 65) had self-injured in the previous year. Among the types of ongoing NSSI, the most frequent were banging (64.6%) and cutting (56.9%). Restrictive vs purgative patients differed on NSSI lifetime, Appearance Evaluation, Body Areas Satisfaction, Body Protection and Feelings and Attitudes toward the Body. Moreover, significant differences were found on Appearance Evaluation, Body Areas Satisfaction, Positive Feelings and Attitudes towards the Body, Body Protection, and Comfort with physical contact, between participants without a history of self-injury and both NSSI groups.
Body dissatisfaction and body investment have been found to be variables related to NSSI. Thus, the present study highlights the importance of working on body image in ED patients to reduce the frequency of NSSI.
超过三分之一的进食障碍患者报告有非自杀性自伤行为。此外，在社区和临床样本中，对身体的消极态度和感受、身体不满以及身体意象障碍与非自杀性自伤行为有关。然而，目前缺乏研究探索进食障碍患者中多维身体意象维度与非自杀性自伤行为的频率和功能以及特定关系。
首先，我们在 226 名西班牙女性进食障碍患者样本中探索了非自杀性自伤行为的频率、类型和功能。其次，我们探索了非自杀性自伤行为与进食障碍限制型/清除型亚类之间的差异；第三，我们在无非自杀性自伤行为的进食障碍患者（n=144）、有终身非自杀性自伤行为的进食障碍患者（n=19）和有前一年非自杀性自伤行为的进食障碍患者（n=63）之间，探索了身体不满、身体意象取向和身体投入的差异。
在整个样本中，有 37.1%（n=89）有终身非自杀性自伤史，有 27.1%（n=65）有前一年非自杀性自伤史。在正在进行的非自杀性自伤行为中，最常见的是撞击（64.6%）和切割（56.9%）。限制型与清除型患者在非自杀性自伤行为的终身发生情况、外表评价、身体部位满意度、身体保护和对身体的感觉和态度方面存在差异。此外，在无自伤史的参与者与两个非自杀性自伤组之间，还发现了在外表评价、身体部位满意度、对身体的积极感觉和态度、身体保护以及对身体接触的舒适度方面存在显著差异。
身体不满和身体投入被发现是与非自杀性自伤行为相关的变量。因此，本研究强调了在进食障碍患者中关注身体意象以减少非自杀性自伤行为频率的重要性。
