Addiction, Development and Psychopathology (ADAPT) Lab, Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center, The Netherlands; Amsterdam Brain and Cognition, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Addiction, Development and Psychopathology (ADAPT) Lab, Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Departement of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Drug Alcohol Depend. 2018 Jun 1;187:186-194. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2018.03.010. Epub 2018 Apr 15.
Neuroimaging studies have demonstrated gray matter (GM) volume abnormalities in substance users. While the majority of substance users are polysubstance users, very little is known about the relation between GM volume abnormalities and polysubstance use.
In this study we assessed the relation between GM volume, and the use of alcohol, tobacco, cocaine and cannabis as well as the total number of substances used, in a sample of 169 males: 15 non-substance users, 89 moderate drinkers, 27 moderate drinkers who also smoke tobacco, 13 moderate drinkers who also smoke tobacco and use cocaine, 10 heavy drinkers who smoke tobacco and use cocaine and 15 heavy drinkers who smoke tobacco, cannabis and use cocaine.
Regression analyses showed that there was a negative relation between the number of substances used and volume of the dorsal medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and the ventral mPFC. Without controlling for the use of other substances, the volume of the dorsal mPFC was negatively associated with the use of alcohol, tobacco, and cocaine. After controlling for the use of other substances, a negative relation was found between tobacco and cocaine and volume of the thalami and ventrolateral PFC, respectively.
These findings indicate that mPFC alterations may not be substance-specific, but rather related to the number of substances used, whereas, thalamic and ventrolateral PFC pathology is specifically associated with tobacco and cocaine use, respectively. These findings are important, as the differential alterations in GM volume may underlie different cognitive deficits associated with substance use disorders.
神经影像学研究表明，物质使用者存在灰质（GM）体积异常。虽然大多数物质使用者为多种物质使用者，但对于 GM 体积异常与多种物质使用之间的关系知之甚少。
在这项研究中，我们评估了 GM 体积与酒精、烟草、可卡因和大麻使用之间的关系，以及在 169 名男性样本中的使用总物质数量：15 名非物质使用者、89 名中度饮酒者、27 名同时吸烟和饮酒的中度饮酒者、13 名同时吸烟、饮酒和使用可卡因的中度饮酒者、10 名吸烟、饮酒和使用可卡因的重度饮酒者以及 15 名吸烟、使用大麻和可卡因的重度饮酒者。
回归分析显示，使用物质的数量与背内侧前额叶皮质（mPFC）和腹侧 mPFC 的体积呈负相关。在不控制其他物质使用的情况下，背侧 mPFC 的体积与酒精、烟草和可卡因的使用呈负相关。在控制其他物质的使用后，发现烟草和可卡因与丘脑和腹外侧前额叶皮质的体积之间存在负相关。
这些发现表明，mPFC 的改变可能不是物质特异性的，而是与使用物质的数量有关，而丘脑和腹外侧前额叶皮质的病理学分别与烟草和可卡因的使用有关。这些发现很重要，因为 GM 体积的不同改变可能是与物质使用障碍相关的不同认知缺陷的基础。
