青少年和成年人中酒精和大麻使用的结构神经影像学相关性。
Structural neuroimaging correlates of alcohol and cannabis use in adolescents and adults.
机构信息
Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA.
Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
出版信息
Addiction. 2017 Dec;112(12):2144-2154. doi: 10.1111/add.13923. Epub 2017 Aug 1.
BACKGROUND AND AIMS
Chronic alcohol use is associated with lower gray matter volume, and we reported recently that alcohol use showed negative associations with widespread gray matter (GM) volume even among young adults. The current study aimed to test the strength of association between (1) alcohol use and GM volume; (2) alcohol use and white matter (WM) integrity; (3) cannabis use and GM volume; and (4) cannabis use and WM integrity among adults and adolescents.
DESIGN AND SETTING
General linear models within large pooled cross-sectional samples of adolescents and adults who had participated in studies collecting substance use and neuroimaging data in the southwestern United States.
PARTICIPANTS
The current analysis included adults aged 18-55 years (n = 853) and adolescents aged 14-18 years (n = 439) with a range of alcohol and cannabis use.
MEASUREMENTS
The dependent variable was GM volume or WM integrity, with key predictors of alcohol use [Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) score] and cannabis use (past 30-day use).
FINDINGS
Alcohol use showed large clusters of negative associations (η = 0.028-0.145, P < 0.001) with GM volume among adults and to a lesser extent (one cluster; η = 0.070, P < 0.05) among adolescents. Large clusters showed significant associations (η = 0.050-0.124, P < 0.001) of higher alcohol use with poorer WM integrity, whereas adolescents showed no significant associations between alcohol use and WM. No associations were observed between structural measures and past 30-day cannabis use in adults or adolescents.
CONCLUSIONS
Alcohol use severity is associated with widespread lower gray matter volume and white matter integrity in adults, and with lower gray matter volume in adolescents.
背景和目的
慢性酒精使用与灰质体积减少有关，我们最近报告称，即使在年轻人中，酒精使用也与广泛的灰质（GM）体积呈负相关。本研究旨在检验以下四个方面的关联强度：（1）酒精使用与 GM 体积；（2）酒精使用与白质（WM）完整性；（3）大麻使用与 GM 体积；（4）大麻使用与 WM 完整性，研究对象为美国西南部参与了收集药物使用和神经影像学数据的研究的成年人和青少年。
设计和设置
在包含大量成年人和青少年的横断面样本中，采用一般线性模型，这些个体都参与了美国西南部的药物使用和神经影像学数据收集研究。
参与者
本分析纳入了年龄在 18-55 岁的成年人（n=853）和年龄在 14-18 岁的青少年（n=439），他们有不同程度的酒精和大麻使用。
测量方法
因变量是 GM 体积或 WM 完整性，关键预测因子是酒精使用[酒精使用障碍识别测试（AUDIT）评分]和大麻使用（过去 30 天的使用）。
结果
酒精使用与成年人的 GM 体积呈大范围的负相关（η=0.028-0.145，P<0.001），在青少年中呈较小范围的负相关（一个聚类；η=0.070，P<0.05）。大聚类显示出与较高的酒精使用相关的显著关联（η=0.050-0.124，P<0.001），与 WM 完整性较差相关，而青少年中酒精使用与 WM 之间没有显著关联。在成年人或青少年中，结构测量与过去 30 天的大麻使用之间没有观察到关联。
结论
酒精使用的严重程度与成年人广泛的 GM 体积减少和 WM 完整性降低有关，与青少年的 GM 体积减少有关。
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