Institute for Breathing and Sleep, Austin Health, Austin Hospital, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia; School of Psychological Sciences and Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Alertness, Safety and Productivity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
School of Psychological Sciences and Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Alertness, Safety and Productivity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
Sleep Med Rev. 2018 Oct;41:220-233. doi: 10.1016/j.smrv.2018.03.005. Epub 2018 Mar 27.
Shift workers often experience reduced sleep quality, duration and/or excessive sleepiness due to the imposed conflict between work and their circadian system. About 20-30% of shift workers experience prominent insomnia symptoms and excessive daytime sleepiness consistent with the circadian rhythm sleep disorder known as shift work disorder. Individual factors may influence this vulnerability to shift work disorder or sleep-related impairment associated with shift work. This paper was registered with Prospero and was conducted using recommended standards for systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Published literature that measured sleep-related impairment associated with shift work including reduced sleep quality and duration and increased daytime sleepiness amongst healthcare shift workers and explored characteristics associated with individual variability were reviewed. Fifty-eight studies were included. Older age, morning-type, circadian flexibility, being married or having children, increased caffeine intake, higher scores on neuroticism and lower on hardiness were related to a higher risk of sleep-related impairment in response to shift work, whereas physical activity was a protective factor. The review highlights the diverse range of measurement tools used to evaluate the impact of shift work on sleep. Use of standardised and validated tools would enable cross-study comparisons. Longitudinal studies are required to establish causal relationships between individual factors and the development of shift work disorder.
由于工作与生理节律之间的冲突，轮班工作者经常会出现睡眠质量、时长下降和/或过度嗜睡的情况。大约 20-30%的轮班工作者会出现明显的失眠症状和白天过度嗜睡，这与被称为轮班工作睡眠障碍的昼夜节律睡眠障碍一致。个体因素可能会影响轮班工作障碍或与轮班工作相关的睡眠障碍的易感性。本文已在 PROSPERO 上注册，并按照系统评价和荟萃分析的推荐标准进行了研究。综述了与轮班工作相关的睡眠障碍的相关文献，包括轮班医护人员的睡眠质量和时长下降以及白天过度嗜睡，并探讨了与个体差异相关的特征。共纳入了 58 项研究。年龄较大、早晨型、生理节律灵活性、已婚或有子女、咖啡因摄入量增加、神经质得分较高和坚韧性得分较低与轮班工作导致的睡眠障碍风险增加有关，而体力活动是一个保护因素。该综述强调了用于评估轮班工作对睡眠影响的各种测量工具。使用标准化和经过验证的工具将能够进行跨研究比较。需要进行纵向研究来确定个体因素与轮班工作睡眠障碍发展之间的因果关系。
