Program in Ecology, Evolution and Conservation Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, United States.
Program in Ecology, Evolution and Conservation Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, United States; Department of Entomology, University of Illinois at Urbana, Champaign, United States.
Ticks Tick Borne Dis. 2018 Jul;9(5):1103-1114. doi: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2018.04.006. Epub 2018 Apr 16.
Due to the ongoing expansion of Ixodes scapularis (blacklegged tick) throughout the northeastern and midwestern United States, there is need to identify the role wildlife hosts play in the establishment and maintenance of tick populations. To quantify and synthesize the patterns of I. scapularis and Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto and sensu lato prevalence relative to wildlife hosts, we reviewed the findings of independent studies conducted throughout the United States. We performed a comprehensive literature search from 1970 to 2017 using the ISS Web of Science Core Collection and the keywords "Ixodes scapularis," "Ixodes dammini" and "Borrelia burgdorferi." We identified 116 studies for inclusion in our meta-analysis, with 187,414 individual wildlife hosts captured and examined for I. scapularis and either the host or ticks collected subsequently tested for B. burgdorferi. We found that only 13% of the wildlife mammals sampled comprised species other than Odocoileus virginianus (white-tailed deer) and Peromyscus leucopus (white-footed mouse). To examine whether there were regional differences between the Northeast, Midwest and the Southeast U.S. in I. scapularis infestation rates on wildlife hosts, we used general linear models (glm), with post hoc pairwise comparisons. In most cases, detection of I. scapularis and B. burgdorferi was significantly higher in the Northeast than the Midwest. Using data on host-specific I. scapularis infestation prevalence, B. burgdorferi prevalence in feeding larvae, and host permissiveness, we developed an epizootiological model to determine the relative contributions of individual hosts to B. burgdorferi-infected nymphs. Our model provides additional evidence that wildlife hosts other than P. leucopus may contribute more to Lyme disease risk than commonly thought. To aid in understanding the ecology of Lyme disease, we propose that additional studies sample non-Peromyscus spp. hosts to obtain more detailed tick and pathogen infestation and infection estimates, respectively, for these less frequently sampled wildlife hosts.
由于硬蜱属（黑腿蜱）在美国东北部和中西部的不断扩张，有必要确定野生动物宿主在建立和维持蜱种群方面的作用。为了量化和综合硬蜱属和伯氏疏螺旋体严格意义上和广义上的流行率与野生动物宿主的关系，我们回顾了在美国各地进行的独立研究的结果。我们使用 ISS Web of Science 核心合集和关键词“硬蜱属”、“Ixodes dammini”和“伯氏疏螺旋体”，从 1970 年到 2017 年进行了全面的文献搜索。我们确定了 116 项研究纳入我们的荟萃分析，共有 187,414 只野生动物宿主被捕获并检查了硬蜱属，随后收集的宿主或蜱虫进行了伯氏疏螺旋体检测。我们发现，只有 13%的野生动物哺乳动物样本由除白尾鹿（Odocoileus virginianus）和白足鼠（Peromyscus leucopus）以外的物种组成。为了检查在美国东北部、中西部和东南部地区，野生动物宿主上的硬蜱属感染率是否存在区域差异，我们使用了广义线性模型（glm），并进行了事后两两比较。在大多数情况下，硬蜱属和伯氏疏螺旋体在东北部的检测率明显高于中西部。利用宿主特异性硬蜱属感染流行率、幼虫期的伯氏疏螺旋体流行率和宿主易感性的数据，我们开发了一个流行病学模型，以确定个体宿主对感染伯氏疏螺旋体的若虫的相对贡献。我们的模型提供了额外的证据，表明除白足鼠以外的野生动物宿主对莱姆病的风险贡献可能比人们通常认为的要大。为了帮助理解莱姆病的生态学，我们建议进行更多的研究，以采样非白足鼠属（Peromyscus spp.）的宿主，以分别获得这些采样频率较低的野生动物宿主的更详细的蜱和病原体感染和感染估计。
