Systems Immunity Research Institute and Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom.
Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, and.
J Clin Invest. 2018 Jul 2;128(7):2670-2679. doi: 10.1172/JCI97944. Epub 2018 Apr 23.
Phospholipids comprise a large body of lipids that define cells and organelles by forming membrane structures. Importantly, their complex metabolism represents a highly controlled cellular signaling network that is essential for mounting an effective innate immune response. Phospholipids in innate cells are subject to dynamic regulation by enzymes, whose activities are highly responsive to activation status. Along with their metabolic products, they regulate multiple aspects of innate immune cell biology, including shape change, aggregation, blood clotting, and degranulation. Phospholipid hydrolysis provides substrates for cell-cell communication, enables regulation of hemostasis, immunity, thrombosis, and vascular inflammation, and is centrally important in cardiovascular disease and associated comorbidities. Phospholipids themselves are also recognized by innate-like T cells, which are considered essential for recognition of infection or cancer, as well as self-antigens. This Review describes the major phospholipid metabolic pathways present in innate immune cells and summarizes the formation and metabolism of phospholipids as well as their emerging roles in cell biology and disease.
磷脂是一大类脂质，通过形成膜结构来定义细胞和细胞器。重要的是，它们复杂的代谢代表了一个高度受控的细胞信号网络，对于启动有效的先天免疫反应至关重要。先天细胞中的磷脂受到酶的动态调节，其活性对激活状态高度敏感。它们及其代谢产物调节先天免疫细胞生物学的多个方面，包括形态变化、聚集、凝血和脱粒。磷脂水解为细胞间通讯提供了底物，能够调节止血、免疫、血栓形成和血管炎症，在心血管疾病及其相关合并症中具有核心重要性。磷脂本身也被先天样 T 细胞识别，这些细胞被认为对于识别感染或癌症以及自身抗原是必不可少的。本综述描述了先天免疫细胞中存在的主要磷脂代谢途径，并总结了磷脂的形成和代谢及其在细胞生物学和疾病中的新兴作用。
