Bäumler Fabian, Gorb Stanislav N, Büsse Sebastian
Department of Functional Morphology and Biomechanics Institute of Zoology, Kiel University, Am Botanischen Garten 9, 24118, Kiel, Germany.
Department of Functional Morphology and Biomechanics Institute of Zoology, Kiel University, Am Botanischen Garten 9, 24118, Kiel, Germany.
Arthropod Struct Dev. 2018 Jul;47(4):430-441. doi: 10.1016/j.asd.2018.04.003. Epub 2018 May 2.
Due to their unique flight mechanism including a direct flight musculature, Odonata show impressive flight skills. Several publications addressed the details of this flight apparatus like: sclerites, wings, musculature, and flight aerodynamics. However, 3D-analysis of the thorax musculature of adult dragonflies was not studied before and this paper allows for a detailed insight. We, therefore, focused on the thorax musculature of adult Anisoptera using micro-computed tomography. Herewith, we present a comparative morphological approach to identify differences within Anisoptera: Aeshnidae, Corduliidae, Gomphidae, and Libellulidae. In total, 54 muscles were identified: 16 prothoracic, 19 mesothoracic, and 19 metathoracic. Recorded differences were for example, the reduction of muscle Idlm4 and an additional muscle IIIdlm1 in Aeshna cyanea, previously described as rudimentary or missing. Muscle Iscm1, which was previously reported missing in all Odonata, was found in all investigated species. The attachment of muscle IIpcm2 in Pantala flavescens is interpreted as a probable adaption to its long-distance migration behaviour. Furthermore, we present a review of functions of the odonatan flight muscles, considering previous publications. The data herein set a basis for functional and biomechanical studies of the flight apparatus and will therefore lay the foundation for a better understanding of the odonatan flight.
由于其独特的飞行机制，包括直接飞行肌肉组织，蜻蜓目昆虫展现出令人印象深刻的飞行技能。一些出版物阐述了这种飞行器官的细节，比如：骨片、翅膀、肌肉组织和飞行空气动力学。然而，此前尚未对成年蜻蜓胸部肌肉组织进行三维分析，本文则提供了详细的见解。因此，我们使用微计算机断层扫描技术，聚焦于成年差翅亚目昆虫的胸部肌肉组织。据此，我们提出一种比较形态学方法，以识别差翅亚目昆虫内部的差异：蜓科、综蟌科、春蜓科和蜻科。总共识别出54块肌肉：16块前胸肌肉、19块中胸肌肉和19块后胸肌肉。记录到的差异例如，在蓝纹丽大蜻中，肌肉Idlm4减少，还有一块额外的肌肉IIIdlm1，之前被描述为退化或缺失。之前报道在所有蜻蜓目昆虫中都缺失的肌肉Iscm1，在所有被研究的物种中都被发现。黄蜻中肌肉IIpcm2的附着被解释为可能是对其长途迁徙行为的一种适应。此外，我们结合之前的出版物，对蜻蜓飞行肌肉的功能进行了综述。本文中的数据为飞行器官的功能和生物力学研究奠定了基础，因此将为更好地理解蜻蜓飞行奠定基础。
