Department of Morphology, Systematic & Evolutionary Biology, J-F-Blumenbach Institute for Zoology & Anthropology, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
BMC Evol Biol. 2013 Nov 1;13:237. doi: 10.1186/1471-2148-13-237.
Among the winged insects (Pterygota) the Odonata (dragon- and damselflies) are special for several reasons. They are strictly aerial predators showing remarkable flight abilities and their thorax morphology differs significantly from that of other Pterygota in terms of the arrangement and number of muscles. Even within one individual the musculature is significantly different between the nymphal and adult stage.
Here we present a comparative morphological investigation of the thoracic musculature of dragonfly (Anisoptera) nymphs. We investigated representatives of the Libellulidae, Aeshnidae and Cordulegasteridae and found 71 muscles: 19 muscles in the prothorax, 26 in the mesothorax and 27 in the metathorax. Nine of these muscles were previously unknown in Odonata, and for seven muscles no homologous muscles could be identified in the neopteran thorax.
Our results support and extend the homology hypotheses for the thoracic musculatures of Odonata and Neoptera, thus supplementing our understanding of the evolution of Pterygota and providing additional characters for phylogenetic analyses comprising all subgroups of Pterygota.
在有翅昆虫（Pterygota）中，蜻蜓目（蜻蜓和豆娘）因其多种原因而显得特别。它们是严格的空中捕食者，表现出显著的飞行能力，其胸部形态在肌肉的排列和数量方面与其他 Pterygota 有显著差异。即使在一个个体中，幼虫期和成虫期的肌肉组织也有很大的不同。
本文对蜻蜓目（Anisoptera）幼虫的胸部肌肉进行了比较形态学研究。我们研究了蜻科、蜓科和齿蛉科的代表物种，发现了 71 块肌肉：前胸 19 块，中胸 26 块，后胸 27 块。其中 9 块肌肉在蜻蜓目中以前是未知的，有 7 块肌肉在新翅目胸部找不到同源肌肉。
我们的结果支持并扩展了蜻蜓目和新翅目胸部肌肉的同源假说，从而补充了我们对 Pterygota 进化的理解，并为包括所有 Pterygota 亚群的系统发育分析提供了额外的特征。
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