J Am Dent Assoc. 2018 Jul;149(7):599-607. doi: 10.1016/j.adaj.2018.02.026. Epub 2018 Apr 21.
The effects of methamphetamine (MA) on caries have been well documented. Little, however, is known about its effects on the periodontium. The authors conducted this study to determine the prevalence and severity of periodontal disease in an urban population of HIV-positive MA users.
This cross-sectional survey was conducted in one of the most populous urban areas of Los Angeles County, California, beset with high rates of MA use. Participants were recruited by a combination of street outreach methods, referral from drug treatment centers, and word of mouth. Participants were eligible if they were older than 18 years, spoke English or Spanish, used MA in the past 30 days, were willing to undergo a dental examination and psychosocial assessments, and were willing to provide a urine sample. Periodontal assessments were completed for 541 participants by 3 trained and calibrated dentists.
The prevalence and severity of periodontal disease were high in this population of HIV-positive and -negative MA users. Cigarette smoking and age were identified as risk factors.
The HIV-positive and -negative cohorts were remarkably similar, suggesting that their lifestyles contributed more to their destructive periodontal disease than their MA use.
MA users are at high risk of developing destructive periodontal disease and badly broken-down teeth. Clinicians should plan accordingly for timely management of the patients' care, knowing that MA users have extensive periodontal and restorative treatment needs.
已充分记录到安非他命（MA）对龋齿的影响。然而，人们对其对牙周组织的影响知之甚少。作者进行了这项研究，以确定在 HIV 阳性 MA 用户的城市人群中牙周病的流行和严重程度。
本横断面调查在加利福尼亚州洛杉矶县人口最稠密的一个地区进行，该地区饱受 MA 使用率高的困扰。参与者通过街头外展方法的组合、药物治疗中心的转介和口口相传来招募。参与者必须符合以下条件：年龄在 18 岁以上，讲英语或西班牙语，过去 30 天内使用过 MA，愿意接受牙科检查和心理社会评估，并且愿意提供尿液样本。由 3 名经过培训和校准的牙医对 541 名参与者进行了牙周评估。
在 HIV 阳性和阴性 MA 用户人群中，牙周病的流行率和严重程度都很高。吸烟和年龄被确定为危险因素。
HIV 阳性和阴性队列非常相似，这表明他们的生活方式对破坏性牙周病的影响比 MA 使用更大。
MA 用户患破坏性牙周病和严重受损牙齿的风险很高。临床医生应根据患者的护理需要及时计划，因为 MA 用户需要广泛的牙周和修复治疗。
