Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States.
Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States.
Poult Sci. 2018 Aug 1;97(8):2621-2637. doi: 10.3382/ps/pey142.
Leg problems have become more frequent in fast-growing turkeys. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of common leg defects on kinetic parameters of gait and biomechanical properties of bone. Nine hundred, day-old, male, Large White turkeys were raised in 48 floor pens. At 42 d of age, turkeys were divided into four categories of leg condition as determined by visual evaluation: Normal, Crooked toes, Shaky legs, and Valgus. Fifteen toms were selected from each group and trained to walk on a pressure sensitive walkway. Gait kinetic data were collected at 92, 115 and 144 d of age. At 145 d of age, turkeys were sacrificed and bones were collected and frozen until analysis. Morphological measurements of femur, tibia and tarsus-metatarsus were recorded. Bone mineral density (BMD) and content (BMC) were obtained using DEXA. Bone strength of tibias was evaluated using a four-point bending test and femurs with a torsion test. ANOVA was used to detect differences among groups, and Tukey's test used for mean separation. There were no differences in BW among different leg conditions. Gait parameters changed as turkeys aged, and age-group interactions were observed on peak vertical force (PVF), contact time, step length (SL) and bipedal cycle. No differences (P > 0.05) were detected in morphological measurements of femur or tibia. Relative asymmetry of femur length was lower (P < 0.05) in Normal and Valgus turkeys than in toms with Crooked toes. There were no differences (P > 0.05) among groups for femur BMD, BMC or strength. Tibia BMD and the area moment of inertia of turkeys with Crooked toes were lower (P < 0.05) than in toms with Valgus. With all four leg conditions, femur strength was positively correlated with PVF and negatively correlated with SL; BMD and BMC were correlated with tibia strength and gait kinetic parameters. In conclusion, only crooked toes caused consistent differences in gait patterns, bone properties and bone strength, but in general, gait kinetics was correlated with bone biomechanics in turkeys.
快速生长的火鸡腿部问题越来越频繁。本研究旨在评估常见腿部缺陷对步态动力学参数和骨骼生物力学特性的影响。900 只 42 日龄雄性大白火鸡被饲养在 48 个地板围栏中。42 日龄时，根据视觉评估将火鸡分为四类腿部状况：正常、脚趾弯曲、腿部摇晃和 X 型腿。从每个组中选择 15 只公鸡进行训练，以在压力敏感步道上行走。在 92、115 和 144 日龄时收集步态动力学数据。在 145 日龄时，火鸡被宰杀，收集骨骼并冷冻直至分析。记录股骨、胫骨和跗跖-跖骨的形态测量值。使用 DEXA 获得骨矿物质密度（BMD）和含量（BMC）。使用四点弯曲试验评估胫骨的骨强度，使用扭转试验评估股骨的骨强度。方差分析用于检测组间差异，Tukey 检验用于均值分离。不同腿部状况的 BW 没有差异。随着火鸡年龄的增长，步态参数发生变化，并且在峰值垂直力（PVF）、接触时间、步长（SL）和双足周期方面观察到年龄组间的相互作用。股骨或胫骨的形态测量值没有差异（P > 0.05）。正常和 X 型腿火鸡的股骨长度相对不对称性较低（P < 0.05），而脚趾弯曲的火鸡则较高。股骨 BMD、BMC 或强度在各组之间没有差异（P > 0.05）。胫骨 BMD 和脚趾弯曲火鸡的惯性矩较低（P < 0.05）。在所有四种腿部状况下，股骨强度与 PVF 呈正相关，与 SL 呈负相关；BMD 和 BMC 与胫骨强度和步态动力学参数相关。总之，只有脚趾弯曲会导致步态模式、骨骼特性和骨骼强度的持续差异，但总的来说，火鸡的步态动力学与骨骼生物力学相关。
