Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States of America.
Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States of America.
PLoS One. 2023 May 9;18(5):e0285347. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0285347. eCollection 2023.
This study investigated age-related changes in turkey welfare measures (wounds, feather quality (FQ), feather cleanliness, and footpad condition (FCON)) and walking ability (gait) as influenced by different types of environmental enrichment (EE). Tom turkeys (n = 420) were randomly assigned to: straw bale (S), platform (P), platform + straw bale (PS), pecking block (B), tunnel (T) or control (C; no enrichment) group. Welfare measures and gait were assessed at 8, 12, 16 and 19 wk and analyzed using PROC LOGISTIC with Firth bias-correction. Better wing FQ with age was observed in turkeys in S and T groups. Turkeys in the S group had better wing FQ at 16 (P = 0.028) and 19 wk (P = 0.011) vs. 8 wk. Wing FQ (P = 0.008) was better at 19 vs. 8 wk for T turkeys. FCON worsened over time for turkeys in all treatment groups except for the S group. FCON was worse at 19 vs.8 wk for P (P = 0.024), PS (P = 0.039), B (P = 0.011), T (P = 0.004) and C (P = 0.014) turkeys and was worse at 19 vs. 12 wk for B (P = 0.038), T (P = 0.015) and C (P = 0.045) turkeys. FCON was worse at 19 vs. 16 wk for T (P = 0.007) and C (P = 0.048) turkeys. FCON was also worse at 16 vs. 8 wk for B (P = 0.046) turkeys. Gait worsened with increasing age in all treatment groups. Gait was worse at 19 wk for S (P < 0.001), P (P < 0.001), PS (P < 0.001) and B turkeys (P < 0.001) vs. earlier ages, while gait in T (P < 0.001) and C turkeys (P < 0.001) worsened starting at 16 wk.
本研究调查了土耳其福利措施（伤口、羽毛质量（FQ）、羽毛清洁度和脚垫状况（FCON））和行走能力（步态）随年龄的变化，以及不同类型的环境丰容（EE）的影响。雄性火鸡（n = 420）被随机分配到：草捆（S）、平台（P）、平台+草捆（PS）、啄块（B）、隧道（T）或对照组（C；无丰容）。在 8、12、16 和 19 周时评估福利措施和步态，并使用 PROC LOGISTIC 进行分析，采用 Firth 偏置校正。S 和 T 组的火鸡翅膀羽毛质量随年龄增长而提高。S 组的火鸡在 16 周（P = 0.028）和 19 周（P = 0.011）的翅膀羽毛质量优于 8 周。T 组的火鸡在 19 周（P = 0.008）的翅膀羽毛质量优于 8 周。除 S 组外，所有处理组的火鸡脚垫状况随时间恶化。P（P = 0.024）、PS（P = 0.039）、B（P = 0.011）、T（P = 0.004）和 C（P = 0.014）组的火鸡在 19 周的脚垫状况更差，B（P = 0.038）、T（P = 0.015）和 C（P = 0.045）组的火鸡在 19 周的脚垫状况比 12 周更差。T（P = 0.007）和 C（P = 0.048）组的火鸡在 19 周的脚垫状况比 16 周更差。B 组的火鸡在 16 周（P = 0.046）的脚垫状况比 8 周更差。随着年龄的增长，所有处理组的步态都在恶化。S（P < 0.001）、P（P < 0.001）、PS（P < 0.001）和 B 组的火鸡在 19 周的步态比早期更差，而 T（P < 0.001）和 C 组的火鸡从 16 周开始步态恶化。
