Sjardin Natalia, Reed Peter, Albert Ben, Mouat Fran, Carter Phillipa J, Hofman Paul, Cutfield Wayne, Gunn Alistair, Jefferies Craig
Department of Paediatrics and Physiology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
Research Office, Auckland District Health Board, Auckland, New Zealand.
J Paediatr Child Health. 2018 Sep;54(9):1005-1010. doi: 10.1111/jpc.13924. Epub 2018 Apr 24.
It is important to understand whether type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is increasing in childhood for health-care planning and clinical management. The aim of this study is to examine the incidence of T2DM in New Zealand children, aged <15 years from a paediatric diabetes centre, Auckland, New Zealand.
Retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data from a population-based referral cohort from 1995 to 2015.
Hundred and four children presented with T2DM over the 21-year period. The female:male ratio was 1.8:1, at mean (standard deviation) age 12.9 (1.9) years, body mass index standard deviation score +2.3 (0.5), blood sugar 15.3 (8.5) mmol/L, HbA1c 76 (28) mmol/mol. At diagnosis, 90% had acanthosis nigricans and 48% were symptomatic. In all, 33% were Maori, 46% Pacific Island, 15% Asian/Middle Eastern and 6% European. There was a progressive secular increase of 5% year on year in incidence. The overall annual incidence of T2DM <15 years of age was 1.5/100 000 (1.2-1.9) (95% confidence interval), with higher rates in Pacific Island (5.9/100 000) and Maori (4.1/100 000).
The incidence of T2DM in children <15 years of age in New Zealand has increased progressively at 5%/year over the last 21 years. The risk was disproportionately associated with girls and children from high-risk ethnic groups.
了解2型糖尿病（T2DM）在儿童中是否呈上升趋势，对于医疗保健规划和临床管理至关重要。本研究旨在调查新西兰奥克兰一家儿科糖尿病中心15岁以下儿童T2DM的发病率。
对1995年至2015年基于人群的转诊队列中前瞻性收集的数据进行回顾性分析。
在这21年期间，有104名儿童被诊断为T2DM。女性与男性比例为1.8:1，平均（标准差）年龄为12.9（1.9）岁，体重指数标准差分数为+2.3（0.5），血糖为15.3（8.5）mmol/L，糖化血红蛋白为76（28）mmol/mol。诊断时，90%的患儿有黑棘皮病，48%有症状。其中，33%为毛利人，46%为太平洋岛民，15%为亚洲/中东人，6%为欧洲人。发病率逐年呈5%的稳步上升。15岁以下儿童T2DM的总体年发病率为1.5/10万（1.2 - 1.9）（95%置信区间），太平洋岛民（5.9/10万）和毛利人（4.1/10万）的发病率更高。
在过去21年中，新西兰15岁以下儿童T2DM的发病率以每年5%的速度稳步上升。患病风险在女孩和高危族裔儿童中尤为突出。
