Zhang Yu, Han Victor Z
Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China.
Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA.
Sheng Li Xue Bao. 2018 Apr 25;70(2):201-210.
The autism spectrum is a pervasive developmental disorder characterized by profound social and verbal communication deficits, stereotypical motor behaviors, restricted interests, and cognitive abnormalities. It affects approximately 1% of children in most of the reported nations and regions. One of the most fascinating and mysterious features of autism, however, is the remarkable talent frequently found in people affected by it, namely autistic savant. A parallel and equally mysterious phenomenon is that some otherwise normal and ordinary individuals develop similarly remarkable talent after brain injuries, a disorder known as acquired savant. After decades of intensive investigation, significant progress has been made in these fields. Current studies indicate that autistic savant and acquired savant are neuropathologically related, and these disorders share many neurobiological mechanisms. This review summarizes current knowledge of autism and both two savant types, and how it may aid our understanding of higher brain functionalities.
自闭症谱系障碍是一种广泛性发育障碍，其特征为严重的社交和语言沟通缺陷、刻板运动行为、兴趣受限以及认知异常。在大多数报告的国家和地区，它影响着约1%的儿童。然而，自闭症最引人入胜且神秘的特征之一，是在受其影响的人群中经常发现的非凡天赋，即自闭症学者综合征。一个与之平行且同样神秘的现象是，一些原本正常普通的个体在脑损伤后也会发展出类似的非凡天赋，这种病症被称为后天性学者综合征。经过数十年的深入研究，这些领域已经取得了重大进展。目前的研究表明，自闭症学者综合征和后天性学者综合征在神经病理学上相关，并且这些病症共享许多神经生物学机制。这篇综述总结了关于自闭症以及这两种学者综合征类型的当前知识，以及它如何有助于我们理解高等脑功能。
