Liu Dan, Zhang Xia, Li Jun, Wang Xu-Dong
College of Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao. 2018 Feb;29(2):573-582. doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.201802.023.
An eight-year field experiment of straw returning was conducted on dark loessial soil in Weibei Highland to investigate the effects of tillage patterns on soil aggregate, soil organic carbon (SOC), corn yield and soil water use efficiency (WUE). There were six tillage patterns, including conventional tillage (CT/CT), no-tillage (NT/NT), subsoiling tillage (ST/ST), no-tillage/subsoiling tillage (NT/ST), conventional tillage/no-tillage (CT/NT) and conventional tillage/subsoiling tillage (CT/ST). The results showed that compared with CT/CT, the patterns of NT/NT, ST/ST and the rotational tillage patterns (NT/ST, CT/NT and CT/ST) decreased the mean mass diameter of soil mechanical stable aggregate. The patterns of NT/NT, ST/ST and NT/ST increased the content of soil water-stable aggregate with the particle size >0.25 mm (WR) and their mean mass diameter, especially in the depth of 20-50 cm. These patterns reduced the proportion of aggregate destruction (PAD). Compared with CT/CT, the patterns of NT/ST, CT/NT, NT/NT and ST/ST increased the content of SOC in 0-10 cm soil layer. The content of SOC decreased as the increases of soil depth for all tillage patterns, but the decrease in SOC of three single tillage patterns (ST/ST, NT/NT and CT/CT) was larger than that of three rotational tillage patterns. Compared with CT/CT, the other five tillage patterns increased soil water storage in 0-200 cm soil profile, crop yield and WUE in maize. The yield and WUE in NT/ST pattern were significantly increased by 15.1% and 27.5%, respectively. Both corn yield and WUE were significantly and positively correlated with soil water storage in 0-200 cm soil profile in field during the cropping and fallow periods. Moreover, soil water storage during the cropping period was positively correlated with WR, but negatively correlated with PAD in 0-50 cm soil layer. Particularly, maize yield, WUE and soil water storage during the cropping period were closely related to WR in 20-50 cm soil layer and PAD. Both WUE and soil water storage during the cropping period was correlated with the SOC content in 0-10 cm soil layer. With respect to the soil properties, crop yield and WUE, the tillage pattern of NT/ST was the best stratety in dark loessial soil for spring maize growth in Weibei Highland.
在渭北旱塬的黑垆土上进行了为期八年的秸秆还田田间试验，以研究耕作方式对土壤团聚体、土壤有机碳（SOC）、玉米产量和土壤水分利用效率（WUE）的影响。试验设置了六种耕作方式，包括传统耕作（CT/CT）、免耕（NT/NT）、深松耕作（ST/ST）、免耕/深松耕作（NT/ST）、传统耕作/免耕（CT/NT）和传统耕作/深松耕作（CT/ST）。结果表明，与CT/CT相比，NT/NT、ST/ST以及轮耕模式（NT/ST、CT/NT和CT/ST）降低了土壤机械稳定团聚体的平均质量直径。NT/NT、ST/ST和NT/ST模式增加了粒径>0.25 mm的土壤水稳性团聚体含量（WR）及其平均质量直径，尤其在20 - 50 cm深度。这些模式降低了团聚体破坏比例（PAD）。与CT/CT相比，NT/ST、CT/NT、NT/NT和ST/ST模式增加了0 - 10 cm土层的SOC含量。所有耕作方式下，SOC含量均随土壤深度增加而降低，但三种单一耕作模式（ST/ST、NT/NT和CT/CT）的SOC降低幅度大于三种轮耕模式。与CT/CT相比，其他五种耕作方式增加了0 - 200 cm土壤剖面的土壤储水量、作物产量和玉米的WUE。NT/ST模式的产量和WUE分别显著提高了15.1%和27.5%。在种植期和休耕期，玉米产量和WUE与0 - 200 cm土壤剖面的土壤储水量均呈显著正相关。此外，种植期土壤储水量与WR呈正相关，但与0 - 50 cm土层的PAD呈负相关。特别地，玉米产量、WUE和种植期土壤储水量与20 - 50 cm土层的WR和PAD密切相关。WUE和种植期土壤储水量均与0 - 10 cm土层的SOC含量相关。就土壤性质、作物产量和WUE而言，NT/ST耕作模式是渭北旱塬黑垆土上春玉米生长的最佳策略。
