Shen Zong Zhuan, Sun Li, Wang Dong Sheng, Lyu Na Na, Xue Chao, Li Rong, Shen Qi Rong
College of Resources and Environmental Sciences/Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Organic Solid Waste Utilization/Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization/National Engineering Research Center for Organic-based Fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
Nanjing Institute of Vegetable Science, Nanjing 210042, China.
Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao. 2017 Oct;28(10):3351-3359. doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.201710.036.
In this study, the population size of soil microbes was determined using plate counting method after the application of lime-ammonium bicarbonate and ammonium bicarbonate fumigation. In addition, biofertilizer was applied after soil fumigation and population of Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium wilt disease control efficiency and plant biomass were determined in the cucumber and watermelon continuous cropping soil. The results showed that the population of F. oxysporum in cucumber mono-cropped soil fumigated with lime-ammonium bicarbonate or ammonium bicarbonate was decreased by 95.4% and 71.4%, while that in watermelon mono-cropped soil was decreased by 87.3% and 61.2%, respectively compared with non-fumigated control (CK). Furthermore, the greenhouse experiment showed that biofertilizer application, soil fumigation and crop type showed significant effects on the number of soil F. oxysporum, Fusarium wilt disease incidence, disease control efficiency and plant biomass based on multivariate analysis of variance. In the lime-ammonium bicarbonate fumigated soil amended with biofertilizer (LFB), significant reductions in the numbers of F. oxysporum and Fusarium wilt disease incidence were observed in both cucumber and watermelon cropped soil compared to non-fumigated control soil applied with organic fertilizer. The disease control rate was 91.9% and 92.5% for cucumber and watermelon, respectively. Moreover, LFB also significantly increased the plant height, stem diameter, leaf SPAD, and dry biomass for cucumber and watermelon. It was indicated that biofertilizer application after lime-ammonium bicarbonate fumigation could effectively reduce the abundance of F. oxysporum in soil, control Fusarium wilt disease and improve plant biomass in cucumber and watermelon mono-cropping systems.
在本研究中，采用平板计数法测定了施用碳酸氢铵和碳酸氢铵熏蒸后土壤微生物的种群数量。此外，在土壤熏蒸后施用生物肥料，并测定了黄瓜和西瓜连作土壤中尖孢镰刀菌的种群数量、枯萎病防治效果和植株生物量。结果表明，与未熏蒸对照（CK）相比，用碳酸氢铵或碳酸氢铵熏蒸的黄瓜单作土壤中尖孢镰刀菌的种群数量分别减少了95.4%和71.4%，而西瓜单作土壤中分别减少了87.3%和61.2%。此外，温室试验表明，基于多变量方差分析，生物肥料施用、土壤熏蒸和作物类型对土壤尖孢镰刀菌数量、枯萎病发病率、病害防治效果和植株生物量有显著影响。在施用生物肥料的碳酸氢铵熏蒸土壤（LFB）中，与施用有机肥的未熏蒸对照土壤相比，黄瓜和西瓜种植土壤中尖孢镰刀菌数量和枯萎病发病率均显著降低。黄瓜和西瓜的病害防治率分别为91.9%和92.5%。此外，LFB还显著增加了黄瓜和西瓜的株高、茎粗、叶片SPAD值和干生物量。结果表明，碳酸氢铵熏蒸后施用生物肥料能有效降低黄瓜和西瓜单作系统土壤中尖孢镰刀菌的丰度，防治枯萎病，提高植株生物量。
