Skeffington K L, Beck C, Itani N, Giussani D A
Department of Physiology, Development & Neuroscience,University of Cambridge,Cambridge,UK.
J Dev Orig Health Dis. 2018 Aug;9(4):460-466. doi: 10.1017/S2040174418000247. Epub 2018 Apr 25.
It is now well accepted that exposure to adverse environmental conditions in utero can predispose a fetus to disease later in life. Using an avian model to study the programming of disease has a unique advantage as it allows isolation of the direct effects of adverse conditions on fetal physiology, without any confounding effects via the mother or placenta. However, experiments in avian models are limited by the lack of well-established surgical protocols for the adult bird, which we have established in this study. Surgery was performed on seven young adult Bovan Brown chickens (body weight 1617±214 g, mean±s.d.) in order to instrument them with femoral arterial and venous catheters and a femoral arterial flow probe. Isoflurane and lidocaine were both found to have depressive effects on chicken cardiovascular function. Optimised methods of anaesthesia, intraoperative monitoring, surgical approach, postoperative care, and experimentation are described. Chickens recovered rapidly from surgery without significant blood gas perturbation, and basal in vivo cardiovascular studies were performed following 5 days of recovery. These techniques allow detailed investigation of avian cardiometabolic function, permitting determination of the consequences in later life of direct environmental insults to fetal physiology, isolated from additional effects on maternal physiology and/or placental endocrinology.
现在人们普遍认为，子宫内暴露于不利的环境条件会使胎儿在以后的生活中易患疾病。使用禽类模型来研究疾病的编程具有独特的优势，因为它可以分离不利条件对胎儿生理学的直接影响，而不会通过母亲或胎盘产生任何混杂影响。然而，禽类模型实验受到成年鸟类缺乏成熟手术方案的限制，我们在本研究中建立了这种方案。对7只年轻成年博万·布朗鸡（体重1617±214克，平均值±标准差）进行手术，以便为它们植入股动脉和静脉导管以及股动脉血流探头。发现异氟烷和利多卡因对鸡的心血管功能均有抑制作用。描述了优化的麻醉方法、术中监测、手术方法、术后护理和实验。鸡术后恢复迅速，没有明显的血气紊乱，在恢复5天后进行了基础体内心血管研究。这些技术允许对禽类心脏代谢功能进行详细研究，从而确定直接环境损伤对胎儿生理学的影响，以及在以后的生活中与对母体生理学和/或胎盘内分泌学的额外影响相隔离的后果。
