Lee Jaeyoung, Abdel-Aty Mohamed, Cai Qing, Wang Ling
a Department of Civil, Environmental and Construction Engineering , University of Central Florida , Orlando , Florida , USA.
b College of Transportation Engineering , Tongji University , Shanghai , China.
Traffic Inj Prev. 2018;19(6):577-581. doi: 10.1080/15389588.2018.1468889. Epub 2018 Sep 25.
Emergency medical services (EMS) play a vital role in the postcrash effort to reduce fatalities by providing first aid treatment and transportation to medical facilities. This study aims to analyze the time required for crash reporting and EMS arrival in fatal traffic crashes and to explore the effects of EMS time on the traffic injury severity.
The time required for EMS reporting, arrival, and transport to hospital was calculated by location type and roadway functional classification using 2016 Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS) data. Subsequently, an ordered probit model was developed to identify factors contributing to injury severity considering EMS time.
The average time for the crash-reporting duration is 5.38 min, the reporting-scene arrival interval is 10.52 min, and the scene-hospital interval is 34.72 min. The average crash reporting and reporting-scene arrival intervals were the longest on conventional roads in rural areas and the shortest on conventional roads in urban areas. The average scene-hospital interval was longest in conventional rural areas and the shortest on freeways/expressways in urban areas. The developed random effects ordered probit model shows that prolonged reporting-scene arrival and scene-hospital intervals result in more severe injuries. The result also presents that crash type, violation, age, location, lighting condition, and alcohol/drug involvement have significant effects on injury severity.
The key findings from this study indicate that EMS times differ according to urban/rural location and road functional classification and that reporting-scene arrival and scene-hospital intervals have significant effects on injury severity along with various factors. It is expected that the findings from this study can be used to develop effective and practical strategic plans to minimize EMS reporting, arrival time, and transport to hospital and therefore decrease the traffic injury severity.
紧急医疗服务（EMS）在事故后通过提供急救治疗和送往医疗机构的运输服务，在减少死亡人数方面发挥着至关重要的作用。本研究旨在分析致命交通事故中事故报告和EMS到达所需的时间，并探讨EMS时间对交通伤严重程度的影响。
使用2016年致命事故分析报告系统（FARS）数据，按地点类型和道路功能分类计算EMS报告、到达和送往医院所需的时间。随后，开发了一个有序概率模型，以确定考虑EMS时间的情况下导致伤害严重程度的因素。
事故报告持续时间的平均时间为5.38分钟，报告现场到达间隔为10.52分钟，现场医院间隔为34.72分钟。农村地区常规道路上的平均事故报告和报告现场到达间隔最长，城市地区常规道路上最短。平均现场医院间隔在农村常规地区最长，在城市高速公路/快速路上最短。所开发的随机效应有序概率模型表明，报告现场到达和现场医院间隔延长会导致更严重的伤害。结果还表明，事故类型、违规行为、年龄、地点、照明条件以及酒精/药物使用情况对伤害严重程度有显著影响。
本研究的主要发现表明，EMS时间因城乡位置和道路功能分类而异，报告现场到达和现场医院间隔以及各种因素对伤害严重程度有显著影响。预计本研究的结果可用于制定有效和实用的战略计划，以尽量减少EMS报告、到达时间和送往医院的时间，从而降低交通伤严重程度。
