Department of Molecular Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Institute of Genetics and Genomics of Geneva (iGE3), Geneva, Switzerland.
Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich, Zurich 8057, Switzerland.
Cell Rep. 2018 Apr 24;23(4):983-992. doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.03.113.
The Saccharomyces cerevisiae telomere-binding protein Rif1 plays an evolutionarily conserved role in control of DNA replication timing by promoting PP1-dependent dephosphorylation of replication initiation factors. However, ScRif1 binding outside of telomeres has never been detected, and it has thus been unclear whether Rif1 acts directly on the replication origins that it controls. Here, we show that, in unperturbed yeast cells, Rif1 primarily regulates late-replicating origins within 100 kb of a telomere. Using the chromatin endogenous cleavage ChEC-seq technique, we robustly detect Rif1 at late-replicating origins that we show are targets of its inhibitory action. Interestingly, abrogation of Rif1 telomere association by mutation of its Rap1-binding module increases Rif1 binding and origin inhibition elsewhere in the genome. Our results indicate that Rif1 inhibits replication initiation by interacting directly with origins and suggest that Rap1-dependent sequestration of Rif1 increases its effective concentration near telomeres, while limiting its action at chromosome-internal sites.
酿酒酵母端粒结合蛋白 Rif1 通过促进 PP1 依赖性磷酸酶去磷酸化复制起始因子,在控制 DNA 复制时间方面发挥着高度保守的作用。然而,从未检测到 ScRif1 在端粒以外的结合,因此不清楚 Rif1 是否直接作用于它所控制的复制起始点。在这里,我们表明,在未受干扰的酵母细胞中, Rif1 主要调节距离端粒 100kb 内的迟复制起始点。使用染色质内切割 ChEC-seq 技术,我们在迟复制起始点处强烈检测到 Rif1,这些起始点是其抑制作用的靶标。有趣的是,通过突变其 Rap1 结合模块破坏 Rif1 与端粒的关联,会增加 Rif1 在基因组其他位置的结合和起始点抑制。我们的结果表明, Rif1 通过与起始点直接相互作用来抑制复制起始,并表明 Rap1 依赖性隔离 Rif1 会增加其在端粒附近的有效浓度,同时限制其在染色体内部位置的作用。
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