Akhmetova K A, Chesnokov I N, Fedorova S A
Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090 Russia.
University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, 35294 USA.
Mol Biol (Mosk). 2018 Mar-Apr;52(2):155-171. doi: 10.7868/S0026898418020015.
Septins belong to a family of conserved GTP-binding proteins found in majority of eukaryotic species except for higher plants. Septins form nonpolar complexes that further polymerize into filaments and associate with cell membranes, thus comprising newly acknowledged cytoskeletal system. Septins participate in a variety of cell processes and contribute to various pathophysiological states, including tumorigenesis and neurodegeneration. Here, we review the structural and functional properties of septins and the regulation of their dynamics with special emphasis on the role of septin filaments as a cytoskeletal system and its interaction with actin and microtubule cytoskeletons. We also discuss how septins compartmentalize the cell by forming local protein-anchoring scaffolds and by providing barriers for the lateral diffusion of the membrane proteins.
Septins属于一类保守的GTP结合蛋白家族，除高等植物外，在大多数真核生物物种中均有发现。Septins形成非极性复合物，进一步聚合成细丝并与细胞膜结合，从而构成了新被认可的细胞骨架系统。Septins参与多种细胞过程，并导致各种病理生理状态，包括肿瘤发生和神经退行性变。在此，我们综述Septins的结构和功能特性及其动力学调节，特别强调Septins细丝作为细胞骨架系统的作用及其与肌动蛋白和微管细胞骨架的相互作用。我们还讨论了Septins如何通过形成局部蛋白质锚定支架以及为膜蛋白的侧向扩散提供屏障来分隔细胞。
