Department of Mental Health and Addiction, Reggio Emilia Public Health Centre, Reggio Emilia, Italy.
Intensive Care Unit, Guastalla Civil Hospital, Reggio Emilia Public Health Centre, Reggio Emilia, Italy.
Early Interv Psychiatry. 2019 Aug;13(4):810-817. doi: 10.1111/eip.12669. Epub 2018 Apr 26.
The Comprehensive Assessment of At-Risk Mental States (CAARMS) was specifically developed to assess and detect young people at ultra-high risk (UHR) of developing psychosis. The current study was undertaken to test the reliability and validity of the authorized Italian version of the CAARMS (CAARMS-ITA) in a help-seeking population.
Psychometric properties of the CAARMS-ITA were established using a sample of 223 Italian adolescents and young adults aged between 13 and 35 years, who were divided into 3 groups according to the CAARMS criteria: UHR-negative individuals (UHR [-]; n = 64), UHR-positive (UHR [+]; n = 55) and individuals with a first-episode psychosis (FEP; n = 104). The CAARMS-ITA's reliability was tested measuring interrater reliability and internal consistency. Construct validity was tested comparing the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and CAARMS-ITA subscale scores across groups (ie, UHR [-], UHR [+] and FEP). For concurrent validity, we studied correlations between symptoms of the CAARMS-ITA and their equivalents in the PANSS. Finally, the predictive validity was examined by following up with UHR [+] individuals. The 12-month transition rate to psychosis was calculated.
The CAARMS-ITA showed good interrater reliability. The PANSS "Positive Symptoms" subscale scores in UHR [+] individuals were intermediate between FEP and UHR [-] groups. The positive and negative symptoms scores of the CAARMS-ITA significantly correlated with the corresponding scores of the PANSS. After 12 months, 4 of 41 (9.8%) UHR [+] individuals had transitioned to psychosis.
The CAARMS-ITA is a reliable and valid instrument for assessing and detecting at-risk mental states in Italian clinical settings. It also appears to be helpful in the prediction of psychosis transition.
综合精神病高危状态评定量表（CAARMS）是专门为评估和发现有发展为精神病超高危（UHR）状态风险的年轻人而开发的。本研究旨在检验寻求帮助的人群中意大利语授权版本 CAARMS（CAARMS-ITA）的信度和效度。
采用 CAARMS 标准将 223 名年龄在 13 至 35 岁之间的意大利青少年和年轻成年人分为三组，对 CAARMS-ITA 的心理计量特性进行了建立：无高危状态个体（UHR [-]；n = 64）、高危状态阳性个体（UHR [+]；n = 55）和首发精神病个体（FEP；n = 104）。通过测量评分者间信度和内部一致性来检验 CAARMS-ITA 的可靠性。通过比较 PANSS 和 CAARMS-ITA 子量表评分在各组（即 UHR [-]、UHR [+]和 FEP）之间的差异来检验构念效度。为了检验同时效度，我们研究了 CAARMS-ITA 症状与 PANSS 等效症状之间的相关性。最后，通过对 UHR [+]个体进行随访，检验了预测效度。计算了向精神病过渡的 12 个月转化率。
CAARMS-ITA 具有良好的评分者间信度。UHR [+]个体的 PANSS“阳性症状”子量表评分处于 FEP 和 UHR [-]组之间。CAARMS-ITA 的阳性和阴性症状评分与 PANSS 相应评分显著相关。12 个月后，41 名 UHR [+]个体中有 4 名（9.8%）发生了精神病转变。
CAARMS-ITA 是一种在意大利临床环境中评估和发现高危精神状态的可靠和有效的工具。它似乎也有助于预测精神病的转变。
