College of Life Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China.
Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
Free Radic Biol Med. 2018 Nov 1;127:116-123. doi: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.04.560. Epub 2018 Apr 23.
Much less research on regulation and function of selenoproteins has been conducted in domestic pigs than in rodents or humans, although pigs are an excellent model of human nutrition and medicine and pork is a widely consumed meat in the world. Phylogenetically, the 25 identified porcine selenoproteins fell into two primitive groups, and might be further divided into three parallel branches. Despite a high similarity to that of humans and rodents, the porcine selenoproteome exhibited the closest evolutionary relationship with that of sheep and cattle among eight domestic species. Expression (mRNA, protein, and/or enzyme activity) of 2/3 of the 25 porcine selenoproteins in various tissues of pigs was affected by dietary Se intakes, and 14 of them showed responses to a high fat diet. When dietary Se deficiency mainly down-regulated the expression of selected selenoproteins, dietary Se excess exerted rather diverse effects on their expression. Overdosing pigs with dietary Se induced hyperinsulinemia, along with lipid accumulation and protein increase, in the liver and muscle by affecting key genes and(or) proteins involved in the metabolisms of glucose, lipid, and protein. In conclusion, expression of porcine selenoproteins was highly responsive to dietary Se and fat intakes, and was involved in body glucose, lipid, and protein metabolism as those of rodents and humans.
与啮齿动物或人类相比，在国内猪中进行的有关硒蛋白的调节和功能的研究要少得多，尽管猪是人类营养和医学的优秀模型，并且猪肉是世界上广泛消费的肉类。从系统发生的角度来看，已鉴定出的 25 种猪硒蛋白分为两个原始组，并且可能进一步分为三个平行分支。尽管与人类和啮齿动物非常相似，但猪的硒蛋白组与绵羊和牛之间的进化关系最为密切，在八种家养物种中。在猪的各种组织中，25 种猪硒蛋白中的 2/3 的表达（mRNA，蛋白质和/或酶活性）受膳食硒摄入的影响，其中 14 种对高脂肪饮食有反应。当饮食硒缺乏主要下调选定的硒蛋白的表达时，饮食硒过量对其表达有相当大的影响。过量喂食猪的饮食硒会通过影响参与葡萄糖，脂质和蛋白质代谢的关键基因和（或）蛋白质，引起肝脏和肌肉中的高胰岛素血症，以及脂质积累和蛋白质增加。总之，猪硒蛋白的表达对膳食硒和脂肪的摄入具有高度反应性，并像啮齿动物和人类一样参与了身体的葡萄糖，脂质和蛋白质代谢。
