阿曼医生劳动力女性化趋势：这是一个可能引发医疗体系变革的现象吗？
The trend of feminization of doctors' workforce in Oman: is it a phenomenon that could rouse the health system?
机构信息
Ministry of Health, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman.
Oman Medical Specialty Board, Al Khoudh, Sultanate of Oman.
出版信息
Hum Resour Health. 2018 Apr 27;16(1):19. doi: 10.1186/s12960-018-0283-y.
BACKGROUND
Participation of women in the medical profession over several countries worldwide was increased over the past decades. This paper is a part of ongoing studies aiming at addressing the issue of health workforce feminization among doctors in the Sultanate of Oman as well as exploring the health system readiness in dealing with this phenomenon.
METHODS
Literature in addition to reports and records of the Ministry of Health, Oman (MoH), Sultan Qaboos University (SQU) and Oman Medical Specialty Board were reviewed regarding the gender of the doctors and the medical students.
RESULTS
Findings regarding the medical students at the SQU showed higher number of females compared to males (64% females in 2015 compared to 54% in 2009). A similar trend was observed regarding the postgraduates as 61.5% of the graduated residents doctors were females. As for active workforce, the MoH 2015 report revealed that female doctors represent 42% of the total doctors compared to 27% in 1990. It increased 4% from 1990 to 2000, doubled to 8% from 2000 to 2010. The proportion of specialized female doctors reached 31% in 2015 compared to 21% in 1990. There were also gender variations among specialities. The proportion of female general practitioners reached 50% in 2015 compared to 30% in 1990 (4% increase every 5 years).
CONCLUSIONS
The feminization phenomenon in Oman is increasing and requires more attention in order to assess the health system readiness of meeting the needs and accommodating the females as the main care providers. The trend is expected to have important consequences on future planning, given that women doctors differ from men in how they participate in the workforce. It may also potentially contribute to a shortage in supply due to difference in preferences and consequently affect the skill-mix and productivity. The cultural, social context and dimensions need to be explored and feasible options to be provided for better planning.
背景
在过去几十年中，全球多个国家参与医学专业的女性人数有所增加。本文是正在进行的研究的一部分，旨在解决阿曼医生中卫生人力女性化的问题，并探讨卫生系统对此现象的准备情况。
方法
除了对阿曼卫生部（MoH）、苏丹卡布斯大学（SQU）和阿曼医学专业委员会的报告和记录进行文献回顾外，还对医生和医学生的性别进行了文献回顾。
结果
SQU 的医学生调查结果显示，女性人数高于男性（2015 年女性占 64%，而 2009 年为 54%）。研究生也呈现出类似的趋势，因为 61.5%的住院医生是女性。在现役劳动力方面，MoH 2015 年的报告显示，与 1990 年的 27%相比，女性医生占医生总数的 42%。从 1990 年到 2000 年增加了 4%，从 2000 年到 2010 年增加了一倍，达到 8%。2015 年女性专科医生的比例达到 31%，而 1990 年为 21%。各专业之间也存在性别差异。2015 年，普通科女医生的比例达到 50%，而 1990 年为 30%（每 5 年增加 4%）。
结论
阿曼的女性化现象正在增加，需要更多关注，以评估卫生系统是否准备好满足女性作为主要护理提供者的需求并为其提供便利。鉴于女性医生在劳动力中的参与方式与男性不同，这一趋势预计将对未来规划产生重要影响。这也可能由于偏好不同而导致供应短缺，从而影响技能组合和生产力。需要探讨文化、社会背景和维度，并提供可行的选择，以进行更好的规划。
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