Friedman Rinat, Haimy Ayelet, Gefen Amit, Epstein Yoram
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Israel.
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Israel.
Clin Biomech (Bristol). 2019 Apr;64:35-41. doi: 10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2018.04.012. Epub 2018 Apr 22.
The rate of eye injury is steadily rising during military conflicts of the century, with thermal burns being the most common type of injury to the eyes. The present study focuses on assessing the heat resistance properties of military protective goggles using three-dimensional (3D) finite element head modeling fitted with the tested protective gear.
A computational thermal impact was applied onto a 3D biomimetic human head model fitted with two goggle models - sports (Type 1) and square (Type 2). The resultant temperature of the eye tissues and the thermal injury thresholds were calculated by using the modeling, hence allowing to determine the protective efficacy of the goggles objectively, in a standardized, quantitative and cost-effective manner.
Both types of goggles had a dramatic protective effect on the eyes. The specific goggle geometry had no notable effect on the level of protection to the inner tissues against the thermal insult. At the skin level goggles reduced temperatures by ~64% under the impact zone, with only a mild difference (10 °C) between the goggles.
Little limitations on the shape and geometry of goggles were observed and any structure of goggles can provide an adequate protection against a thermal insult (per se) to inner cranial tissues, assuming the lenses are wide and thick enough to block direct skin contact of the heat insult. It was shown that our 3D biomimetic human head model provides a practical and cost-effective tool for determining the performance level of goggles with different attributed (i.e., shapes and thermal properties).
在本世纪的军事冲突中，眼部受伤率正在稳步上升，热烧伤是最常见的眼部损伤类型。本研究重点在于使用配备测试防护装备的三维（3D）有限元头部模型来评估军事防护眼镜的耐热性能。
将计算热冲击应用于配备两种眼镜模型——运动型（1型）和方形（2型）的3D仿生人体头部模型。通过该模型计算眼部组织的最终温度和热损伤阈值，从而能够以标准化、定量且经济高效的方式客观地确定眼镜的防护效果。
两种类型的眼镜对眼睛都有显著的保护作用。特定的眼镜几何形状对内部组织抵御热损伤的保护水平没有显著影响。在皮肤层面，眼镜在冲击区域下方将温度降低了约64%，两种眼镜之间仅有轻微差异（10°C）。
观察到眼镜形状和几何结构的限制很小，假设镜片足够宽且厚以阻止热损伤直接接触皮肤，任何眼镜结构都能为颅内组织提供足够的热损伤防护（本身）。结果表明，我们的3D仿生人体头部模型为确定具有不同属性（即形状和热性能）的眼镜的性能水平提供了一种实用且经济高效的工具。
