Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering , IIT Bombay , Powai, Mumbai 400076 Maharashtra , India.
Biomacromolecules. 2018 Jun 11;19(6):1826-1839. doi: 10.1021/acs.biomac.8b00279. Epub 2018 May 9.
Extracellular matrices (ECM) play an enormous role in any living system, controlling various factors and eventually fates of cells. ECM regulates cell fate by providing constant exogenous signals altering intracellular signal transduction for diverse pathways including proliferation, migration, differentiation, and apoptosis. Biomaterial scaffolds are designed to mimic the natural extracellular matrix such that the cells could recapitulate natural events alike their natural niche. Therefore, the success of tissue engineering is largely dependent on how one can engineer the natural matrix properties at nanoscale precision. In this aspect, several recent studies have suggested that, as long as amyloid fibrils are not toxic, they can be utilized for cell adhesion and tissue engineering applications due to its ECM mimetic surface topography and ability to mediate active cell adhesion via focal adhesions. Although historically associated with human diseases, amyloids have presently emerged as one of the excellent biomaterials evolved in nature. In this review, we focus on the recent advances of amyloid-based biomaterials for cell adhesion and tissue engineering applications.
细胞外基质（ECM）在任何生命系统中都起着巨大的作用，控制着各种因素，并最终决定细胞的命运。ECM 通过提供持续的外源性信号来调节细胞命运，改变包括增殖、迁移、分化和凋亡在内的多种途径的细胞内信号转导。生物材料支架的设计旨在模拟天然细胞外基质，使细胞能够重现类似于其自然龛位的自然事件。因此，组织工程的成功在很大程度上取决于如何以纳米级精度设计天然基质的特性。在这方面，最近的几项研究表明，只要淀粉样纤维没有毒性，它们就可以用于细胞黏附和组织工程应用，因为其具有 ECM 模拟的表面形貌，并且能够通过黏着斑介导主动细胞黏附。尽管淀粉样蛋白在历史上与人类疾病有关，但它们现在已成为自然界中进化出的优秀生物材料之一。在这篇综述中，我们重点介绍了基于淀粉样蛋白的生物材料在细胞黏附和组织工程应用方面的最新进展。
