ICAR-National Institute of Abiotic Stress Management, Baramati, Pune, 413115, India.
ICAR-National Institute of Abiotic Stress Management, Baramati, Pune, 413115, India.
Fish Shellfish Immunol. 2018 Jul;78:289-298. doi: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.04.051. Epub 2018 Apr 25.
An environment friendly and sustainable approach is being emerged in the area of nanotechnology for accelerated growth and development of culturable aquatic animals hence green chemistry is gaining momentum in recent years. The present study has been carried out to delineate the effects of selenium nanoparticles (Se-NPs) on growth performance, antioxidative status and immunity of fish reared under lead (Pb) and high temperature (34 °C). Three hundred and fifteen fish were equally distributed in seven treatments in triplicates. Three isocaloric and isonitrogenous experimental diets viz. control (Se-NPs-0 mg/kg), Se-NPs at 1 mg/kg and Se-NPs at 2 mg/kg were formulated. The fish were reared under lead (Pb, 1/21st of LC (4 ppm)) and high temperature (34 °C) stress and fed with or without dietary Se-NPs. The effects of dietary Se-NPs were studied in terms of growth performance (Weight gain %, feed conversion ratio, protein efficiency ratio and specific growth rate), antioxidative status (catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione-S-transferase and glutathione peroxidase), neurotransmitter enzymes (AChE), stress biomarkers (heat shock protein 70, serum cortisol, blood glucose, vitamin C), immunological status (total protein, A/G ratio and respiratory burst activity) in Pangasinodon hypophthalmus post challenge with Aeromonas veronii biovar sobria. Results of the investigation demonstrated significant improvement of growth performance, antioxidative status, neurotransmitter enzyme activity, stress markers and more importantly enhanced immunity of the fish with dietary incorporation of Se-NPs at 1 mg/kg. In addition, post bacterial infection, the relative % survival increased and cumulative mortality % decreased in the group fed with Se-NPs at 1 mg/kg diet. Pb and high temperature treated and fed with control diet group showed devastating impact on the growth performance, antioxidative status, stress markers and immunity of the fish. Similarly, application of Se-NPs at 2 mg/kg showed poor growth performance and elevated level of oxidative stress and other stress biomarkers including other biochemical attributes. Inclusive results indicated that, Se-NPs at 1 mg/kg has capability to enhance overall performance and alleviate multiple stresses in P. hypophthalmus. Hence, Se-NPs at optimum level have ability to develop green chemistry in feed industry for better growth performance of the fish.
一种环保且可持续的方法正在纳米技术领域出现，以加速可培养水生动物的生长和发展，因此绿色化学近年来得到了发展。本研究旨在探讨硒纳米粒子（Se-NPs）对在铅（Pb）和高温（34°C）下饲养的鱼类生长性能、抗氧化状态和免疫力的影响。将 315 条鱼平均分配到 7 个处理组中，每个处理组重复 3 次。配制了三种等热量和等氮的实验饲料，即对照（Se-NPs-0 mg/kg）、Se-NPs 1mg/kg 和 Se-NPs 2mg/kg。在铅（Pb，LC 的 1/21（4 ppm））和高温（34°C）应激下饲养鱼类，并投喂或不投喂膳食 Se-NPs。通过生长性能（增重%、饲料转化率、蛋白质效率比和特定生长率）、抗氧化状态（过氧化氢酶、超氧化物歧化酶、谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶）、神经递质酶（乙酰胆碱酯酶）、应激标志物（热休克蛋白 70、血清皮质醇、血糖、维生素 C）、免疫状态（总蛋白、A/G 比和呼吸爆发活性）来研究膳食 Se-NPs 的影响 Pangasinodon hypophthalmus 在受到 Aeromonas veronii biovar sobria 挑战后。研究结果表明，在膳食中添加 1mg/kg 的 Se-NPs 可显著提高鱼类的生长性能、抗氧化状态、神经递质酶活性、应激标志物，更重要的是可增强鱼类的免疫力。此外，在细菌感染后，饲喂 1mg/kg Se-NPs 日粮的鱼类相对存活率增加，累积死亡率%降低。Pb 和高温处理并饲喂对照日粮的鱼类表现出对生长性能、抗氧化状态、应激标志物和鱼类免疫力的破坏性影响。同样，以 2mg/kg 的 Se-NPs 应用表现出较差的生长性能和氧化应激水平升高以及其他应激标志物，包括其他生化特性。综合结果表明，1mg/kg 的 Se-NPs 能够增强 Pangasinodon hypophthalmus 的整体性能，并减轻多种压力。因此，最佳水平的 Se-NPs 具有在饲料工业中发展绿色化学的能力，以提高鱼类的生长性能。
