ICAR-National Institute of Abiotic Stress Management, Baramati, 413 115, Pune, India.
Fish Physiol Biochem. 2024 Feb;50(1):239-258. doi: 10.1007/s10695-023-01231-3. Epub 2023 Sep 1.
Pollution and climate change pose significant threats to aquatic ecosystems, with adverse impacts on aquatic animals, including fish. Climate change increases the toxicity of metal in aquatic ecosystems. To understand the severity of metal pollution and climate change, an experiment was conducted to delineate the mitigation potential of selenium (Se) and selenium nanoparticles (Se-NPs) against lead (Pb) and high temperature stress in Pangasianodon hypophthalmus. For the experiment, five isonitrogenous and isocaloric diets were prepared, varying in selenium supplementation as Se at 0, 1, and 2 mg kg diet, and Se-NPs at 1 and 2 mg kg diet. The fish in stressor groups were exposed to Pb (1/20th of LC concentration, 4 ppm) and high temperature (34 °C) throughout the experiment. The results demonstrated that dietary supplementation of Se at 1 and 2 mg kg diet, as well as Se-NPs at 1 mg kg diet, significantly reduced (p < 0.01) the levels of lactate dehydrogenase and malate dehydrogenase in both liver and muscle tissues. Additionally, the levels of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase in both gill and liver tissues were significantly decreased (p < 0.01) with the inclusion of Se and Se-NPs in the diets. Furthermore, the enzymes glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in gill and liver tissues, fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase in liver and muscle tissues, and acid phosphatase in liver tissue were remarkably reduced (p < 0.01) due to the supplementation of Se and Se-NPs. Moreover, dietary supplementation of Se and Se-NPs significantly enhanced (p < 0.01) the activity of pyruvate kinase, glucokinase, hexokinase, alkaline phosphatase, ATPase, protease, amylase, lipase, and RNA/DNA ratio in the fish. Histopathological examination of gill and liver tissues also indicated that Se and Se-NPs protected against structural damage caused by lead and high-temperature stress. Moreover, the study examined the bioaccumulation of selenium and lead in muscle, water, and diets. The aim of the study revealed that Se and Se-NPs effectively protected the fish from lead toxicity and high-temperature stress, while also improving the function of cellular metabolic enzymes in P. hypophthalmus.
污染和气候变化对水生生态系统构成重大威胁，对水生动物，包括鱼类产生不利影响。气候变化增加了金属在水生生态系统中的毒性。为了了解金属污染和气候变化的严重程度，进行了一项实验，以描绘硒（Se）和硒纳米颗粒（Se-NPs）对 Pangasianodon hypophthalmus 中铅（Pb）和高温胁迫的缓解潜力。
在实验中，制备了五种等氮和等热量的饮食，在硒补充剂中变化为饮食中的 0、1 和 2mg kg 硒，以及饮食中的 1 和 2mg kg Se-NPs。胁迫组中的鱼类在整个实验过程中暴露于 Pb（LC 浓度的 1/20，4ppm）和高温（34°C）下。结果表明，饮食中添加 1 和 2mg kg 饮食中的硒以及 1mg kg 饮食中的 Se-NPs，可显著降低（p < 0.01）肝和肌肉组织中乳酸脱氢酶和苹果酸脱氢酶的水平。此外，在饮食中添加 Se 和 Se-NPs 后，鳃和肝组织中的丙氨酸氨基转移酶和天冬氨酸氨基转移酶水平也显著降低（p < 0.01）。此外，鳃和肝组织中的葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶、肝和肌肉组织中的果糖 1,6-二磷酸酶以及肝组织中的酸性磷酸酶的酶活性也因 Se 和 Se-NPs 的补充而显著降低（p < 0.01）。此外，饮食中添加 Se 和 Se-NPs 可显著提高（p < 0.01）丙酮酸激酶、葡萄糖激酶、己糖激酶、碱性磷酸酶、ATP 酶、蛋白酶、淀粉酶、脂肪酶和 RNA/DNA 比在鱼中的活性。鳃和肝组织的组织学检查还表明，Se 和 Se-NPs 可防止铅和高温胁迫引起的结构损伤。此外，该研究还检查了硒和铅在肌肉、水和饮食中的生物积累。研究目的表明，Se 和 Se-NPs 有效地保护鱼类免受铅毒性和高温胁迫的影响，同时改善 Pangasianodon hypophthalmus 中细胞代谢酶的功能。
