Janusz Cara B, Jauregui Barbara, Sinha Anushua, Clark Andrew D, Bolaños Brenda M, Resch Stephen, Toscano Cristiana, Andrus Jon K
Comprehensive Family Immunization Project, the ProVac Initiative, Pan American Health Organization, Washington, DC, USA.
Comprehensive Family Immunization Project, the ProVac Initiative, Pan American Health Organization, Washington, DC, USA.
Value Health Reg Issues. 2012 Dec;1(2):248-253. doi: 10.1016/j.vhri.2012.10.003. Epub 2012 Dec 12.
New vaccines have been demonstrated to be effective in reducing morbidity and mortality, particularly in children, but come at increased costs to societies, governments, and their national immunization programs compared with other traditional childhood vaccines. Rational allocation of available resources requires systematic collection of the evidence base to decide whether to introduce a new vaccine, an important component of which is cost-effectiveness analysis. In this article, we develop in-depth case studies to examine the country experience of conducting cost-effectiveness analysis with the support of Pan American Health Organization ProVac Initiative and the implications of its process for decision making on new vaccine introduction in Latin America and the Caribbean. Key lessons regarding how cost-effectiveness analysis may be effectively used to inform evidence-based immunization policy are highlighted, drawing from the experience of Nicaragua and Paraguay. Based on the lessons identified, the vision going forward will focus on promoting the sustainability of multidisciplinary country teams while continuing to prioritize capacity development as an overarching guiding principle for preparing countries to face future new vaccine policy decisions.
新疫苗已被证明在降低发病率和死亡率方面有效，尤其是对儿童，但与其他传统儿童疫苗相比，社会、政府及其国家免疫规划的成本有所增加。合理分配现有资源需要系统收集证据基础，以决定是否引入新疫苗，其中一个重要组成部分是成本效益分析。在本文中，我们开展了深入的案例研究，以考察在泛美卫生组织疫苗倡议的支持下进行成本效益分析的国家经验，及其过程对拉丁美洲和加勒比地区新疫苗引入决策的影响。借鉴尼加拉瓜和巴拉圭的经验，强调了关于如何有效利用成本效益分析为循证免疫政策提供信息的关键经验教训。基于所确定的经验教训，未来的愿景将侧重于促进多学科国家团队的可持续性，同时继续将能力发展作为指导各国应对未来新疫苗政策决策的首要指导原则。
