Serological response in patients with chronic asymptomatic human immunodeficiency virus infection.

To examine a possible relationship between decreased immune function and serological parameters, such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antigenaemia and the quality and quantity of whole virus antibodies and antibodies against the major core protein p24, we investigated 160 healthy HIV infected individuals (CDC classification II and III). According to the number of T-helper lymphocytes (CD4 cells) these were divided into two groups (CD4 cell counts above or below 500/microliter), which according to the lymphocyte transformation response to pokeweed mitogen (response above or below 20% of control value) were further subdivided into two groups. Both the presence of HIV antigen (p = 0.022) and the absence of p24 antibodies (p = 0.001) correlated to a decreased CD4 cell count. Lack of p24 antibodies was more frequent than was the presence of HIV antigen among persons with decreased CD4 cell count and decreased response to pokeweed mitogen, indicating that absence of p24 antibodies may be an earlier marker of immune dysfunction than the presence of HIV antigen. In persons with p24 antibodies present, a low such titer was associated with a decrease of both immune parameters. Presence of HIV antigen and absence of p24 antibodies thus seems to correlate with the severity of immune dysfunction in healthy HIV infected individuals.