Harding David J, Siegel Jonah A, Morenoff Jeffrey D
UC Berkeley.
Michigan Indigent Defense Commission.
Soc Forces. 2017 Dec;96(2):909-934. doi: 10.1093/sf/sox047. Epub 2017 May 31.
Although the labor market consequences of incarceration in prison have been central to the literature on mass incarceration, punishment, and inequality, other components of the growing criminal justice system have received less attention from sociologists. In particular, the rise of mass incarceration was accompanied by an even larger increase in community supervision. In this paper, we examine the labor market effects of one frequently experienced aspect of post-prison parole, short-term custody for parole violations. Although such sanctions are viewed as an alternative to returning parole violators to prison, they have the potential to affect labor market outcomes in ways similar to imprisonment, including both adverse and positive effects on earnings. We estimate that parolees lost approximately 37 percent of their earnings in quarters during which they were in short-term custody. Although their earnings tended to increase in the quarter immediately following short-term custody-consistent with the stated intentions of such sanctions-parolees experienced further earnings loss over the longer term after such sanctions. In the third quarter following a short-term custody sanction, earnings are lowered by about 13 percent. These associations are larger for those who were employed in the formal labor market before their initial incarceration.
尽管监狱监禁对劳动力市场的影响一直是大规模监禁、惩罚和不平等相关文献的核心内容，但不断发展的刑事司法系统的其他组成部分却较少受到社会学家的关注。特别是，大规模监禁的增加伴随着社区监管的更大幅度增长。在本文中，我们研究了出狱后假释中一个常见情况——因违反假释规定而被短期拘留——对劳动力市场的影响。尽管此类制裁被视为将假释违规者送回监狱的替代方式，但它们有可能以类似于监禁的方式影响劳动力市场结果，包括对收入产生不利和积极影响。我们估计，假释者在短期拘留期间的季度收入损失约为37%。尽管他们的收入在短期拘留后的紧接着那个季度往往会增加——这与此类制裁的既定意图一致——但假释者在此类制裁后的长期内仍会经历进一步的收入损失。在短期拘留制裁后的第三个季度，收入会降低约13%。对于那些在初次入狱前受雇于正规劳动力市场的人来说，这些关联更为显著。
