Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA; email:
Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.
Annu Rev Neurosci. 2018 Jul 8;41:371-388. doi: 10.1146/annurev-neuro-080317-062007. Epub 2018 Apr 25.
In everyday life, the outcomes of our actions are rarely certain. Further, we often lack the information needed to precisely estimate the probability and value of potential outcomes as well as how much effort will be required by the courses of action under consideration. Under such conditions of uncertainty, individual differences in the estimation and weighting of these variables, and in reliance on model-free versus model-based decision making, have the potential to strongly influence our behavior. Both anxiety and depression are associated with difficulties in decision making. Further, anxiety is linked to increased engagement in threat-avoidance behaviors and depression is linked to reduced engagement in reward-seeking behaviors. The precise deficits, or biases, in decision making associated with these common forms of psychopathology remain to be fully specified. In this article, we review evidence for which of the computations supporting decision making are altered in anxiety and depression and consider the potential consequences for action selection. In addition, we provide a schematic framework that integrates the findings reviewed and will hopefully be of value to future studies.
在日常生活中，我们的行为结果很少是确定的。此外，我们通常缺乏准确估计潜在结果的概率和价值所需的信息，也不知道需要付出多少努力来实施考虑中的行动方案。在这种不确定的情况下，个体在这些变量的估计和权重以及依赖无模型决策与基于模型决策方面的差异，有可能对我们的行为产生强烈的影响。焦虑和抑郁都与决策困难有关。此外，焦虑与回避威胁行为的增加有关，而抑郁与寻求奖励行为的减少有关。与这些常见形式的精神病理学相关的决策的确切缺陷或偏差仍有待充分确定。在本文中，我们回顾了支持决策的计算在焦虑和抑郁中发生了哪些改变的证据，并考虑了对行动选择的潜在影响。此外，我们提供了一个示意图框架，整合了所回顾的发现，并希望对未来的研究有价值。
