Department of Psychology and Center for Perceptual Systems, University of Texas, 108 East Dean Keeton, A8000, Austin, Texas 78712-1043, USA.
Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Texas, 2504-A Whitis Avenue, A1100, Austin, Texas 78712-0114, USA.
J Acoust Soc Am. 2018 Apr;143(4):2355. doi: 10.1121/1.5030999.
Performance was measured on seven common psychoacoustical tasks for about 75 highly trained subjects. Because some psychoacoustical outcomes varied by race, the subjects were partitioned into White and Non-White categories for analysis. Sex, race, and menstrual-cycle differences in performance are described in a companion paper [McFadden, Pasanen, Maloney, Leshikar, and Pho (2018). J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 143, 2338-2354]. Also measured for all subjects were three types of otoacoustic emissions (OAEs): spontaneous otoacoustic emissions (SOAEs), click-evoked otoacoustic emissions (CEOAEs), and distortion-product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs). The experimental question was whether and how OAEs were correlated with psychoacoustical performance. In accord with past findings, the SOAEs and CEOAEs exhibited substantial sex and race differences, but the DPOAEs did not. Somewhat surprisingly, the correlations between OAEs and psychoacoustical performance were generally weak. No form of OAE was highly correlated with any psychoacoustical task for both sexes within a race category. Thus, there was no compelling evidence that the mechanisms underlying OAEs also contribute systematically to performance in any of the simultaneous or temporal masking tasks studied here. Especially surprising were the weak correlations between OAEs and detection of a tone in the quiet. Apparently individual differences in psychoacoustical performance reside more in post-cochlear (neural) mechanisms than in individual differences in the cochlear ("mechanical") mechanisms underlying the OAEs measured here.
表现是通过大约 75 名高度训练有素的受试者的七种常见心理声学任务来衡量的。由于某些心理声学结果因种族而异，因此将受试者分为白人和非白人两类进行分析。在一篇相关的论文中描述了性能的性别、种族和月经周期差异[McFadden、Pasanen、Maloney、Leshikar 和 Pho（2018）。J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 143，2338-2354]。还对所有受试者进行了三种类型的耳声发射（OAE）的测量：自发性耳声发射（SOAE）、点击诱发耳声发射（CEOAE）和失真产物耳声发射（DPOAE）。实验问题是 OAE 是否以及如何与心理声学表现相关。与过去的发现一致，SOAE 和 CEOAE 表现出显著的性别和种族差异，但 DPOAE 没有。有些出人意料的是，OAE 与心理声学表现之间的相关性通常较弱。在任何种族类别中，没有任何一种 OAE 与任何一种心理声学任务都高度相关。因此，没有令人信服的证据表明，OAE 背后的机制也会系统地有助于我们在这里研究的任何同时或时间掩蔽任务中的表现。特别令人惊讶的是 OAE 与在安静中检测音调之间的弱相关性。显然，心理声学表现的个体差异更多地存在于耳蜗后（神经）机制中，而不是这里测量的 OAE 所基于的耳蜗（“机械”）机制中的个体差异。
