University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL, USA.
University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL, USA.
Eur Urol Focus. 2019 Nov;5(6):1146-1151. doi: 10.1016/j.euf.2018.04.013. Epub 2018 May 3.
Male factor infertility plays a significant role in infertility. Many factors have been associated with male infertility; however, the link between many sports and recreational factors and male reproduction remains poorly characterized.
To evaluate the current literature regarding the impact of many common sports and recreational factors on male reproduction.
A comprehensive PubMed and Embase search for relevant articles published between 1970 and 2017 was performed by combining the following search terms: male, sports (including individual sports), traumatic brain injury, sauna, hot tub, fertility, erectile dysfunction, varicocele, environment, cell phone, and laptop computer.
Hypogonadism and erectile dysfunction can be associated with sports with high rates of head injuries, such as American football. Although early reports linked other sports, such as bicycling, to erectile dysfunction, subsequent studies isolated these associations to sports cycling rather than recreational cycling. Certain sports (football, basketball, handball, and volleyball) were linked to increasing prevalence and severity of varicocele, offering a potential link to male infertility. In addition, recreational activities such as sauna, hot tubs, Jacuzzis, heated car seats, and laptop use were associated with high testicular temperature, which can impair spermatogenesis. Radio frequency electromagnetic waves from cell phones and laptops have also been shown to have deleterious effects on sperm viability and motility.
Many common sports and daily activities represent potential sources of male infertility. Clinicians should be aware of these associations in explaining idiopathic infertility in males.
Male infertility is an often overlooked component of a couple's inability to conceive. We outline many common and often overlooked sports and recreational exposures that have been associated with male infertility.
男性因素不孕在不孕中起着重要作用。许多因素与男性不育有关；然而，许多运动和娱乐因素与男性生殖之间的联系仍未得到充分描述。
评估目前关于许多常见运动和娱乐因素对男性生殖影响的文献。
通过结合以下搜索词，对 1970 年至 2017 年间发表的相关文章进行了全面的 PubMed 和 Embase 搜索：男性、运动（包括个人运动）、创伤性脑损伤、桑拿、热水浴缸、生育、勃起功能障碍、精索静脉曲张、环境、手机和笔记本电脑。
与头部受伤率高的运动（如美式橄榄球）相关的性腺功能减退症和勃起功能障碍可能与运动有关。尽管早期的报告将其他运动（如骑自行车）与勃起功能障碍联系起来，但随后的研究将这些关联孤立于运动自行车而不是休闲自行车。某些运动（足球、篮球、手球和排球）与精索静脉曲张的发生率和严重程度增加有关，这为男性不育提供了潜在的联系。此外，桑拿、热水浴缸、热水按摩浴缸、加热汽车座椅和笔记本电脑使用等娱乐活动与睾丸温度升高有关，这会损害精子发生。手机和笔记本电脑的射频电磁辐射也已被证明对精子活力和运动能力有有害影响。
许多常见的运动和日常活动是男性不育的潜在来源。临床医生在解释男性特发性不育时应注意这些关联。
男性不育是夫妇不孕的一个经常被忽视的因素。我们概述了许多常见且经常被忽视的运动和娱乐暴露，这些暴露与男性不育有关。
