Smith Gregory C, Hayslip Bert, Hancock Gregory R, Merchant William, Montoro-Rodriguez Julian, Strieder Frederick
Kent State University, 144 Nixon Hall, Kent, Ohio, 44240.
University of North Texas, Denton, TX.
J Child Fam Stud. 2018 Feb;27(2):505-521. doi: 10.1007/s10826-017-0896-0. Epub 2017 Oct 9.
There is scant research on how the parenting practices of custodial grandmothers affect the psychological adjustment of grandchildren in their care. Yet, the findings from a handful of prior studies suggest the relevance of the Family Stress Model (FSM) to these caregivers. The present study further tested the FSM with baseline data from 343 custodial grandmothers (M= 58.5 years) enrolled in a clinical trial of the efficacy of interventions for improving the well-being of their families. Not only was this "help-seeking" sample atypical of prior FSM studies, but also unique to the present study was our addition of multiple parenting practices, self-reported and clinical ratings of grandmothers' distress, and reports of grandchildren's internalizing and externalizing difficulties from grandchildren and grandmothers. Mplus 7.31 was used to test a model where the effect of grandmother distress on grandchildren's internalizing and externalizing difficulties was hypothesized to be indirect through five distinct parenting practices. The findings regarding both the measurement and structural models fit the observed data well, and invariance was largely found across grandchildren's gender and age (4-7 vs. 8-12). Although grandchildren's self-reported internalizing and externalizing difficulties were unrelated to grandmothers' distress and parenting practices, the grandmothers' reports of these outcomes were generally related to their own distress and parenting practices as hypothesized. However, considerable variation was found across the five parenting practices in terms of their relationships to the other FSM constructs. We conclude that data from multiple informants and measures of assorted parenting practices are essential to future research and practice.
关于监护祖母的育儿方式如何影响她们所照顾的孙辈的心理调适，相关研究甚少。然而，此前一些研究的结果表明家庭压力模型（FSM）与这些照顾者相关。本研究利用参与一项旨在改善其家庭幸福感的干预措施疗效临床试验的343名监护祖母（平均年龄58.5岁）的基线数据，进一步对家庭压力模型进行了测试。这个“寻求帮助”的样本不仅有别于此前家庭压力模型研究中的样本，而且本研究的独特之处还在于我们增加了多种育儿方式、祖母痛苦程度的自我报告和临床评分，以及孙辈和祖母报告的孙辈内化和外化问题。我们使用Mplus 7.31来测试一个模型，在该模型中，假设祖母的痛苦对孙辈内化和外化问题的影响是通过五种不同的育儿方式间接产生的。关于测量模型和结构模型的研究结果都与观测数据拟合良好，并且在孙辈的性别和年龄（4至7岁与8至12岁）之间基本具有不变性。虽然孙辈自我报告的内化和外化问题与祖母的痛苦及育儿方式无关，但祖母对这些结果的报告通常与她们自己的痛苦及育儿方式有关，正如所假设的那样。然而，就这五种育儿方式与其他家庭压力模型结构的关系而言，存在相当大的差异。我们得出结论，来自多个信息提供者的数据以及各种育儿方式测量对于未来的研究和实践至关重要。
