White Rebecca M B, Liu Yu, Nair Rajni L, Tein Jenn-Yun
T. Denny Sanford School of Social and Family Dynamics, Arizona State University.
Department of Psychology, Arizona State University.
Dev Psychol. 2015 May;51(5):649-62. doi: 10.1037/a0038993. Epub 2015 Mar 9.
The family stress model represents a common framework through which to examine the effects of environmental stressors on adolescent adjustment. The model suggests that economic and neighborhood stressors influence youth adjustment via disruptions to parenting. Incorporating integrative developmental theory, we examined the degree to which parents' cultural value orientations mitigated the effects of stressors on parenting disruptions and the degree to which environmental adversity qualified the effect of parenting on adolescent adjustment. We tested the hypothesized integrative family stress model longitudinally in a sample of mother-youth dyads (N = 749) and father-youth dyads (N = 467) from Mexican origin families, across 3 times points spanning early to middle adolescence. Providing the first longitudinal evidence of family stress mediated effects, mothers' perceptions of economic pressure were associated with increases in adolescent externalizing symptoms 5 years later via intermediate increases in harsh parenting. The remaining findings supported the notion that integrative developmental theory can inform family stress model hypothesis testing that is culturally and contextually relevant for a wide range of diverse families and youth. For example, fathers' perceptions of economic pressure and neighborhood danger had important implications for adolescent internalizing, via reductions in paternal warmth, but only at certain levels of neighborhood adversity. Mothers' familism value orientations mitigated the effects of economic pressure on maternal warmth, protecting their adolescents from experiencing developmental costs associated with environmental stressors. Results are discussed in terms of identifying how integrative developmental theory intersects with the family stress model to set diverse youth on different developmental pathways.
家庭压力模型是一个通用框架，可借此考察环境压力源对青少年适应的影响。该模型表明，经济和社区压力源通过干扰养育方式来影响青少年的适应。结合整合发展理论，我们考察了父母的文化价值取向在多大程度上减轻了压力源对养育方式干扰的影响，以及环境逆境在多大程度上限定了养育方式对青少年适应的影响。我们在来自墨西哥裔家庭的749对母子二元组和467对父子二元组样本中，对假设的整合家庭压力模型进行了纵向测试，跨越从青春期早期到中期的3个时间点。作为家庭压力中介效应的首个纵向证据，母亲对经济压力的感知与5年后青少年外化症状的增加有关，这是通过严厉养育方式的中间增加来实现的。其余研究结果支持了这样一种观点，即整合发展理论可为家庭压力模型假设检验提供信息，该检验在文化和背景上与广泛多样的家庭及青少年相关。例如，父亲对经济压力和社区危险的感知对青少年内化有重要影响，这是通过父亲温情的减少来实现，但仅在社区逆境处于特定水平时才会如此。母亲的家族主义价值取向减轻了经济压力对母亲温情的影响，保护她们的青少年免受与环境压力源相关的发展成本的影响。我们从确定整合发展理论如何与家庭压力模型相交，从而使不同的青少年走上不同的发展道路的角度来讨论研究结果。
